首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost man
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost man
admin
2010-07-19
45
问题
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost many of his memories as a result, he said, "It was a brilliant cure but we lost the patient," and took a shotgun to his head not long afterwards. Ever since ECT was pioneered by Ugo Cerletti, an Italian neurosurgeon, in the late 1930s, it bas had a bad press. In books (The Bell Jar, Zen and the Art of MIotorcycle Maintenance), in song (Electric Co by U2) and in film (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Tar-nation), it has been portrayed as a sinister procedure that leaves the patient a dribbling dullard. But in spite of this, ECT remains one of the fastest-acting and most effective antidepressant treatments known.
Why it should be so effective, though, is an enigma. On the face of it, running a current of almost an amp through someone’s brain seems a silly thing to do. But a study by Johan Hellsten of Lund University in Sweden bas cast some light on the question. Dr. Hellsten has shown that ECT leads to the gene ration of new blood vessels [n part of the brain implicated in depression.
Previous brain imaging studies have shown that patients with long-term depression have a smaller hippocampus (part of the brain that deals with emotion and memory) than average. But, while it is possible to use scanners to look at brain volume in people, it is impossible to examine what is going on at a cellular level. For this reason, Dr. Hellsten used rats.
There were two groups of rats in his experiment. The test group received ECT once a day. for ten days while the control group received a sham treatment. On the eleventh day! the rats were killed and examined. Dr. Hellsten found a 20 fold increase in the number of endothelial cells (the cells that line blood vessels) in the hippocampuses of the test rats, compared with the control rats. He also found a 16% increase in the total length of the blood vessels in their hippocampuses. If the blood vessels of any organ--including the hippocampus are reduced, that organ begins to atrophy. ECT appears to reverse this atrophy. This study is the first to show an increase in blood-vessel production in connection with an anti-depressive treatment.
Why ECT has this effect is still a subject of speculation, but Dr. Hellsten suspects that what is happening is a consequence of the brain trying to protect itself. ECT works by creating an artificial epileptic seizure. Natural seizures, which often last much longer than the 30 seconds or so employed for ECT. result in the production of chemicals called growth factors that stimulate cell division and growth. This response helps to compensate for the damage that a seizure can do. Though modern ECT does not last long enough to cause damage, it nevertheless provokes the damage-limitation response.
ECT, invented in a more brutal age, was originally seen as a way to control unruly patients, often against their will. Ironically, it now serves to give will back to those who have lost it.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of ECT?
选项
A、ECT came into being long time ago.
B、ECT may cause the self protection of the brain.
C、ECT is employed as treatment of a certain disease.
D、ECT was used to control those who lost their will.
答案
D
解析
细节题。第五段末句提到...it nevertheless provokes the damage-limitation response,[B]符合文意。末段首句指出ECT,invented in a more brutal age,[A]符合文意。末句中的it now serves to give will back to those who have lost it,[C]正是对这部分内容的解释,符合文意。末段首句指出:在病人不愿意的情况下,过去使用ECT来控制难以驾驭的病人,[D]是对该部分against their will的曲解,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UjlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
GypsiesareunitedonlywhentheyAccordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheir
WhichofthefollowingrecordswasthesecondbesttimeoftheyearbyDonovanBailey?
目前美国的所谓“人文教育”(liberalartseducation)的理念,在中国颇有些鼓吹者。但“人文教育”后面还有体育这一层。体育是学习人生的最好手段。体育和人生的关系,如同数学和科学的关系一样。因为体育能够把人生中千变万化的现象,抽象为几个最简
WhathappenedonThursday?
Accordingtothepassage,thepurposesofstorytellingincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.Thebestsourceofyoursto
Justas【1】______isfamousforthetango,soAmerican【1】______iswell-knownforjazz,atypicalAmericaninvention
Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencyshouldbeachievedffseveralpeoplecollaboratetosolveaproblemthanifonlyon
Afterhavingassuredtheirreturnjourney,thewriterandhiscompanioncouldconcentrateoncollectingandfilmanimals.Decidi
Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature.Inordertoprovethattheo-ry,ec
在利兹(Leeds)住的老人有的非常可怜。如钱不多的话,房子又小又脏,又不能买好吃的东西吃,好看的衣服穿,结果一点自尊心也没有了。这真是一幅悲惨的景象。即使钱够的话,还有许多别的问题,最大的问题是寂寞。我们看到的人大部分是独身住的。老伴大概已经不在了,孩子
随机试题
心气不足时可见
试述淹溺的急救与护理。
The______fromchildhoodtoadulthoodisoftenadifficulttimeforayoungperson.
低浓度时具有抑菌作用,高浓度时具有杀菌作用的是
通过住院期间教育使患者学会如何进行尿糖自检,属患者学习目标中的
CY-CFS运输条款是()。
通过市场营销达到一定的销售目标和资产规模,是基金营销的职责所在。( )
动机强度越高,越有利于取得成功。
A.杯口征或弹簧征B.鸟嘴征C.铅管征D.线样征乙状结肠扭转时钡灌肠的典型X线征象是
设想以下三条鱼成群而游。一条鱼可能被捕食者Y看到的空间是以该鱼为圆心,Y能看见的最远距离为半径的圆。当Y在这三个圆之中的一个时,该鱼群可能受到攻击。由于三条鱼的鱼群之间距离很近,这三个圆在很大程度上重叠在一起。下面的哪项是从上面一段中得到的可靠推断
最新回复
(
0
)