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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make their profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen: and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-oriented economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
In Line 9, Para.1, "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means ______.
选项 A、Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
B、Americans tend to overstate their incomes
C、Americans want to have their incomes increased
D、Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
答案D
解析 解此题的关键在于联系上下文去理解maximize的含义。该词一般作“使……增加到尽可能大”解，但它在上下文中的意思是：“充分利用”。如果不联系上下文而是孤立地去理解 maximize，那么很可能会选错。The desire of individuals to maximize their incomes的意思是：“人们充分利用自己收入的欲望”，也就是人们希望钱能值钱，也即人们希望提高购买力，这与 D的内容同义，因此D为正确答案。
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