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  3. There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as th

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问题     There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.
    In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for as sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
    An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
    In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person’s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to________.
选项 A、rapid speed of transactions
B、misunderstandings
C、inflation
D、difficulties for the traders
答案D
解析 对“barter”一词可能不认识，在文中它第一次出现在第二段第三句中，“在一个市场中，交易双方也许通过barter或money方式进行交换”。结合下面第四句提到的，在这种经济中的具体货物，如汽车、短裤和比萨饼都是彼此进行交换的。由以上提供的信息我们可以推断出这种交换是与货币交换相并列的物物交换。在文中第二段第五句中举了一个例子说明了在这种交换中寻找交易对象的困难性。所以选项D符合题意。同时我们从常识也可知，物物交换给参加商品交换的双方都带来困难。
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