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  3. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the c

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the c

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问题     Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But【B1】______some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does【B2】______short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 【B3】______heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to【B4】______, a good laugh is unlikely to have【B5】______benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
    【B6】______, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the【B7】______. Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter【B8】______muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
    Such bodily reaction might conceivably help【B9】______the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of【B10】______feedback that improve an individual’ s emotional state.【B11】______one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted【B12】______physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry【B13】______they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
    Although sadness also【B14】______tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow【B15】______muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wu rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to【B16】______a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a (n)【B17】______expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles【B18】______more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,【B19】______that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【B20】______, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
【B14】
选项 A、exhausts
B、follows
C、precedes
D、suppresses
答案C
解析 考查动词辨析。下文提到一个实验，让实验对象故意做出笑的表情和失望的表情：随后让他们看滑稽的漫画，结果练习微笑表情的实验对象反应更积极，这表明表情可以影响情感。本段的第一句话中使用了although，表明两句话之间是对比关系。此句中的sadness属于情感，tear属于具体的生理反应，所以此处情感应在具体的反应之前，因此C．precedes“在…之前，先于…”为正确选项。exhaust“使…筋疲力尽，耗尽”；follow“跟随，在…之后”；suppress“镇压，压制”，均与题意不符。
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