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  3. Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’

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问题     Dieting is often doomed to failure. The problem is, we don’t follow the rules we learn. No carbs after 6pm? No problem—until we’re out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket. Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no, but ultimately, resisting temptation is the key to successful weight loss.
    Now research from leading psychologists has identified the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation, and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake. Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, the psychologist who, in the 1960s, developed the "marshmallow test", which demonstrated that if children were able to delay gratification, they would be more successful in later life. Mischel’s research has shown that to resist temptation, we have to shift activity away from the "hot" parts of our brain to the "cool" parts. The mind brain has two systems: one is cool, slow and deliberate, and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the ’no’ system, if you like. The other is hot, emotional and instinctual, and present from birth—the ’go’ system.
    So when you see a chocolate cake, the "hot" part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste, and the sugar rush that you have learnt a slice will give you. Instead of giving in, what you need to do is to activate the "cool" part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing farsightedness. Imagine the sense of satisfaction you’d get, from fitting into your favourite dress in a couple of weeks’ time, say, or from losing your unsightly tummy bulge before you go sunbathing this summer. It’s a simple strategy, but experiments have shown it is highly effective.
    Perception is also important. Feasting your eyes on desirable food activates the hot system in the brain, which explains what we know instinctively: putting biscuits out of sight in a cupboard will mean you eat fewer of them. "The problem with diets is they are also full of pictures of delicious diet food, and all of this is just priming the hot system," Mischel says.
    Stress is another key issue. It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat. The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it. This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions.
    Brain scans have also shown that memory plays a significant role in overeating. If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high. So the research is clear: if you want to be slim, fit and healthy, it’s time to take control of your mind.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that______.
选项 A、it’s impossible for people to lose weight
B、one on a diet shouldn’t drink wine
C、one will surely lose weight by resisting temptation
D、eating late at night isn’t helpful for dieting
答案D
解析 属信息推断题。选项A曲解文意，文章第一句说节食注定要失败，但并不是说人不可能减轻体重，故错误。选项B犯了移花接木的错误，是将人们难以抵抗诱惑的几样食物中的红酒与其他成分拼凑而成的，故错误。选项C犯了夸大其词的错误，文中只是说抵抗诱惑是减肥成功的关键，而并非抵抗诱惑就一定可以减肥成功，故错误。文章第二句讲到人们不遵守减肥规则，而第三句开头就提到了晚上6点以后不吃碳水化合物，由此可见这一条就是减肥规则之一，故可判断选项D正确。
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