首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decision
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decision
admin
2013-08-05
69
问题
Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decisions. If they are forced to, they may do so intuitively, rather than by reasoning. Such apathy is often put down to tiredness, but a study published recently in Psychological Science suggests there may be more to it than that. Whether reason or intuition is used may depend simply on the decision-maker’s blood-sugar level—which is, itself, affected by the process of reasoning.
E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the impoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment intended to be mentally taxing. Half of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saying, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other half were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable self-control not to look at the random words.
When the video was over, half of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students’ blood, the researchers administered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.
The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the university campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large; the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to one of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. If it was close to campus and small, it was not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller. If it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.
Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeister suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other three groups. And that is what happened; 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used reason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.
It is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.
Whatever the reason, the upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach.
Which of the following is NOT true, according to the study?
选项
A、People’s blood-sugar level is affected by the process of reasoning.
B、Whether people resort to reasoning or intuition may depend on their blood-sugar level.
C、Both reasoning and intuition are certainly affected by people’s blood-sugar level.
D、It is not wise to make important decisions when one is hungry.
答案
C
解析
倒数第2段第1句表明直觉不受葡萄糖水平的控制,C的说法与这句不符,故为答案。此外,C中的certainly太过绝对,通常这种选项的说法都与原文不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Up4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
______istheAmericanpresidentduringTheGreatDepressionwhoproposedNewDeal.
TheLandofDisneyPredictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswill
Oncefound"almostentirelyinthewesternUnitedStatesandinAsia,dinosaurfossilsarenowbeingdiscoveredonallsevencon
Oncefound"almostentirelyinthewesternUnitedStatesandinAsia,dinosaurfossilsarenowbeingdiscoveredonallsevencon
Mummiescaptureourimaginationsandourhearts.Fullofsecretsandmagic,theywereoncepeoplewholivedandloved,justasw
Mummiescaptureourimaginationsandourhearts.Fullofsecretsandmagic,theywereoncepeoplewholivedandloved,justasw
Crimehasitsowncycles,amagazinere-portedsomeyearsbefore.Policerecordsthat【M1】______werestudiedforfiveyearsov
Ifyouwanttoseewhatittakestosetupanentirelynewfinancialcenter(andwhatisbestavoided),headforDubai.Thistin
Ifyouwanttoseewhatittakestosetupanentirelynewfinancialcenter(andwhatisbestavoided),headforDubai.Thistin
随机试题
分组教学
膀胱肿瘤行膀胱部分切除术的范围要求距离肿瘤边缘
肝蒂内包含的结构不包括
甲纠集他人多次在市中心寻衅滋事,造成路人乙轻伤、丙的临街商铺严重受损。甲被起诉到法院后,乙和丙提起附带民事诉讼。法院判处甲有期徒刑6年,罚金1万元,赔偿乙医疗费1万元,赔偿丙财产损失4万元。判决生效交付执行后,查明甲除1辆汽车外无其他财产,且甲曾以该汽车抵
在客户信用评级中,由个人因素、资金用途因素、还款来源因素、保障因素和企业前景因素等构成,针对企业信用分析的专家系统是()。
Thebrainistrulyamarvel.Aseeminglyendlesslibrary,whoseshelveshouseourmostpreciousmemoriesaswellasourlifetime
简述陈鹤琴关于儿童绘画发展的四个时期的观点。
某足球教练这样教导他的队员:“足球比赛从来是以结果论英雄。在足球比赛中,你不是赢家就是输家;在球迷的眼里,你要么是勇敢者,要么是懦弱者。由于所有的赢家在球迷眼里都是勇敢者,所以每个输家在球迷眼里都是懦弱者。”为使上述足球教练的论证成立,以下哪一项是必须假设
鲁尔危机
Bywritingthispassage,thewriterintendstotellusthat______.Theauthorimpliesthatifhumanbeingsarekeptawakeform
最新回复
(
0
)