2. 外语
  3. That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-

That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-

admin2021-01-06  42
问题     That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
    Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
    Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
选项 A、They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B、They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C、They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D、They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。定位句指出，如果大脑左半球在陌生的环境中为了防卫而保持警觉，那么它会对这种不规律的蜂鸣声有所反应，从而把睡眠中的人弄醒。也就是说，这些实验参与者把这种不规律的蜂鸣声当作某种威胁从而影响睡眠，故答案为B)。
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