首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
(46)Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regar
admin
2009-04-27
59
问题
(46)
Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions.
Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47)
According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand".
In a free-market economy the government’s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations.
(48)
Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person’s contribution.
An example is a lighthouse. One individual’s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49)
The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light.
The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods.
Government’s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods.
Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50)
Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.
选项
答案
公共财产包括国防、法律秩序和教育在内。它有两个特征:其一,个人的消耗无损于他人对于余下公共财产的使用;其二,个人从中所获收益不取决于他的贡献。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Uva4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Withagrowingconsumerinterestinplant-basedhealthyeating,vegetarianoptionspresentachancefornewbusinessandcompeti
Itmaybesummertime,butthelivingisn’teasy—notforwearyworkerswhoselastvacationisadistantmemory.Accordingtoone
Americanschoolsaren’texactlyfrozenintime,butconsideringthepaceofchangeinotherareasoflife,ourpublicschoolste
Ireallydisliketheterm"Aplayer."Itimpliesagradingsystemthatcandeterminewhowillbebestforaposition.HRpeople
Nowondertheyarecalled"patients".Whenpeopleenterthehealth-caresystemsofrichcountriestoday,theyknowwhattheywil
Theimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmune
Theimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmune
[A]FewerchildrenattendCatholicschoolsnow[B]Changeinhigher-incomefamilieswillleadtochangeofprivateschoolpo
Yourcameraissnatched.Willyoueverseeita-gain?Probablynot.Butitmaysendpostcardsfromitsnewowner.The【C1】_______
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】________isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】____
随机试题
某猪场仔猪238头,一直很健康,使用某饲料公司生长肥育猪粉状浓缩料5d后发病,腹泻,体温38.9~39.5℃,发病率近100%,死亡多在发病后24~48h,急性者3~4h,共计154头。体格大者症状严重、死亡也多。多种抗生素、磺胺药和中成药治疗无效,第7天
A.生脉散合人参养荣汤B.瓜蒌薤白白酒汤加味C.血府逐瘀汤加减D.瓜蒌薤白半夏汤E.参附汤合右归饮加减治疗胸痹之痰浊壅塞证的首选方是()
人体脂肪酸合成的限速酶是
过度悲伤会损伤哪-脏
(2010年)下列不属于微生物所需要的五大营养的选项是()。
下列属于悬臂浇筑主控项目的是()。
伴随着国内房地产和基建市场规模的逐步扩大,以SBS/APP改性沥青卷材为主导的新型建筑防水材料市场在未来仍有较大的增长空间。但由于该行业技术和资金壁垒低,使得行业集中度很低,前10家企业销售占比不到10%。激烈的市场竞争也造成企业难以进一步提升毛利率,业绩
欣赏是用眼睛去观察,用耳朵去聆听,用心灵去感悟。请以“学会欣赏”为题,发表一篇演讲。
设直线L过A(1,0,0),8(0,1,1)两点,将L绕Z轴旋转一周得到曲面∑,∑与平面z=0,z=2所围成的立体为Ω。(Ⅰ)求曲面∑的方程;(Ⅱ)求Ω的形心坐标。
数据的完整性是指数据的正确性、有效性和()。
最新回复
(
0
)