首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? [A] Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also a
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health? [A] Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also a
admin
2018-09-15
13
问题
Are Bad Economic Times Good for Health?
[A] Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individual’s health are surprisingly mixed. It’s clear that long-term economic gains lead to improvements in a population’s overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike.
[B] But whether the current economic downturn will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of themselves in boom times—drinking too much (especially before driving), dining on fat-filled restaurant meals and skipping exercise and doctors’ appointments because of work-related time commitments.
[C] "The value of time is higher during good economic times," said Grant Miller, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford. "So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooking at home and exercising: and people experience more stress due to the severity of hard work during booms."
[D] Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studying the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and decrease death rates. When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. "When coffee prices suddenly rise, people work harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things that are good for their children," he said. "Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia aren’t expensive, but require a substantial amount of time—such as breast-feeding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vaccinations (接种疫苗) —infant and child death rates rise."
[E] In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and colleagues in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis (肝硬化), suicide and murder, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been repeated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research.
[F] In May 2000, the Quarterly Journal of Economics published a surprising paper called "Are Recessions Good for Your Health?" by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based on an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from 1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state unemployment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rate—or about 5 fewer deaths per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes.
[G] The economic downturn did appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-being and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent.
[H] The issue that may matter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in the 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health as those with secure jobs. During Peru’s severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant deaths jumped 2.5 percentage points—about 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed.
[I] In August, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark. They found that individuals bom in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van den Berg, an economics professor who was a co-author of the study, said babies in poor households suffered the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development, he said. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parents more time at home.
[J] "This scenario (情况) may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money," he said. "But in a crisis where the family may have to face huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adequate nutrition and health care, the disadvantageous effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant."
[K] In the USA, there are already signs of the economy’s effect on health. In May, the market research firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooking more than they did just six months before—in part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-payments, the average employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costs—about twice as much as four years ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions.
[L] In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national health plan, the looming recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. Keckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn "is not good news for the health care industry," he said. "There may be something positive, but I think this needs pondering."
During the economic downturns in 1974 and 1982, death rate decreased dramatically in the US.
选项
答案
F
解析
根据时间状语1974和1982可以直接定位到F段第2句。该句表示在1974年和1982年两次的经济衰退期中,美国的死亡率都急剧下降,题目的economic downturn对应原文的recessions,而decreased dramatically则对应原文的declined sharply,本题意思与原文一致。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/V347777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
网上银行(onlinebanking)拥有许多优势。网上银行从不关门,每天24小时、每周7天全天候营业,而且只需轻点鼠标即可完成交易。当你的财务发生问题时,而你附近又没有营业厅或自动取款机(ATM),你可以马上登录网上银行来处理你的财务。网上银行处理并确
A、Drinks.B、Food.C、Abathingsuit.D、ATent.C女士说:“所以你得自己带泳衣和睡袋。”C正确。表示具体物件的名词选项表明,此题问某个细节(而非全文主旨)。此类题的做题办法是:首先,看四个选项在原文是否提及。若原
A、Theaterlobbieswithuniformedsecurityguards.B、Clothingstoreswherepeoplearerelaxedandoff-guard.C、Airportswherepeo
A、Theydamageaperson’smentalhealth.B、Theyreduceaperson’schanceofrecovery.C、Theyslowdownaperson’sreactiontocha
A、Tofollowtheanti-smokingtrendinKuwaitandHawaii.B、TomakeTasmaniaAustralia’shealthiestcityby2025.C、Toeaseexist
A、Onehundredmiles.B、Threehundredmiles.C、Onehundredandfiftymiles.D、Sixhundredmiles.C数字计算题。根据录音首句“从北部到南部,以及从东部到西部,只有
A、Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.B、Itwilladdtothefamily’sfinancialburden.C、Ababy-sitterisnoreplacem
A、PeoplearewillingtostayathomeandwatchTV.B、Peopledon’tliketogotothecinemanowadays.C、PeopledislikeHollywood
A、TheWashingtonFederationofTeachers.B、TheNationalLaborUnion.C、TheAmericanFederationofTeachers.D、TheWashingtonLab
CloisonneisauniqueartformthatoriginatedinBeijingduringtheYuanDynasty.Intheperiodtitled"Jingtai"duringtheMi
随机试题
总结性评价
青蒿鳖甲散和清骨散同用的药物有
实验室检查,风湿热活动性指标有
杂交瘤技术中使用的细胞融合剂是
某病人现年53岁,在一次心肌梗死发作后长期卧床不起,病情好转并且稳定后仍拒绝参加任何活动。每次吃饭要妻子喂食,起床要妻子帮助穿衣。他的行为表现属于
某公安派出所所长苟某,乘中国民航飞机外出执行任务,将一支“六四”式手枪和50发子弹及警用匕首两把放人公文包中,委托熟人避开机场安全检查带上飞机。在飞行中,苟某与邻座的杜某在闲聊中因观点不合发生激烈争吵,继而互相扭打,苟某恼羞成怒,掏出包中手枪,顶住杜某脑门
技术监察是对()的监督检查。
红河公司属于高新技术企业,适用的所得税税率为15%,2016年以后适用所得税税率将变更为25%。有关资料:(1)2016年1月1日递延所得税负债期初余额为30万元(即因上年交易性金融资产产生应纳税暂时性差异200万元而确认的),递延所得税资产期初余额为1
客户在办理存款时不约定存款期限.支取时提前一定时间通知银行约定支取日期和支取金额的存款是()。
设关系R1有r1个元组,关系R2有r2个元组,则关系R1和R2连接后的结果关系中的元组数目是______个。
最新回复
(
0
)