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  3. [A] People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have

[A] People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have

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问题     [A]   People who deceive themselves also tend to be happier than people who do not. There are social profits, too: Studies have shown that people who lie frequently are viewed as friendlier and more amiable than their more truthful counterparts. Still, lying is generally regarded as immoral and unpleasant. "No one likes being lied to," says former FBI agent and lying expert Joe Navarro. "We feel betrayed. When is it that they are telling the truth?" And people do really want to know the truth. A new Fox drama, Lie to Me, which features a steely British deception expert, has become one of the most popular shows on television.
    [B]   It has never been easy for people to sort out fact from fiction. Studies have shown that people can identify lies only about 50 percent of the time, or about the same as chance. To be sure, researchers have been able to figure out some clues to uncover deception. When people tell a significant lie, for instance, they typically gesture less and their arms may appear stiff. People telling lies also might have dilated pupils because they feel nervous about spinning an untruth.
    [C]   Researchers have been studying deception for decades, figuring out we tell lies for all sorts of reasons. We might want to gain a raise or a reward, for example, or to protect friends or a lover. Such constant lies might be a necessary social evil, and researchers have recently discovered that some small unimportant lies might actually be good for you. "We use lies to grease the wheels of social discourse," says psychologist Robert Feldman. "It’s socially useful to tell lies."
    [D]   Don’t feel bad. You’re in good, dishonest company. A research shows that people lie constantly, that deception is existing everywhere in everyday life. One study found that people tell two to three lies every 10 minutes, and even conservative estimates indicate that we lie at least once a day. Our capacity for deceit appears nearly endless, from adding untrue details to stories to wearing fake eyelashes to asking "How are you?" when we don’t actually care. We even lie to ourselves about how much food we eat and how often we visit the gym, but why do we spin facts and make up fictions?
    [E]   Small decorations can have positive psychological effects, experts say. Researchers found that college students who exaggerated their GPA in interviews later showed improvement in their grades. Their fiction, in other words, became self-fulfilling. "Exaggerators tend to be more confident and have higher goals for achievement," explains Richard Gramzow, a psychologist at the University of Southampton. "Positive biases about the self can be beneficial."
    [F]  Admit it: You’ve lied. You told a friend that his shirt looked stylish when you actually thought it was shabby. Or maybe you said to your boss that her presentations were fascinating when in fact they were mindless. Or perhaps you told your landlord that the rent check was in the mail.
    [G]   Even with these findings, there’s no surefire way to catch a liar. But someone with a known track record of lying is likely to pay a price. "Lies add up," says Feldman. "The more you know that someone is not telling you the truth, the less trustworthy they are. They’re just telling you stuff you want to hear, and you won’t listen to them anymore."
    【D11】→【D12】→【D13】→E→【D14】→【D15】→G
【D11】
选项
答案F
解析 本题为文章首段，通常起到引题的作用。A首句的also说明会有上文与之衔接，故排除。B讲到研究发现的一些能够帮助识别谎言的线索。注意，G开头的Even with these findings…catch a Iiar暗示上文提到了有关判断一个人是否说谎的方法。而各段中只有B涉及到这样的方法，B应该很靠近G，故排除B。D开头便说“不要感到难过，你身边有很多不诚实的人”，暗示上文会提到一个负面的现象(会让你感到难过)，故不能为文章首段。D末尾提出疑问(why do we spin…fictions?)，而C是对这个问题的解答(…we tell lies for all sorts of reasons)，可见C应在D的后面，C也不能为首段。由此，初步圈定F为答案。F通过举例说明一个现象：说谎充斥着我们的日常生活，并由此现象引题，符合文章首段的行文特征。故确定答案为F。
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