首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Complexities of Reading This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". We tend to think t
The Complexities of Reading This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". We tend to think t
admin
2015-09-30
22
问题
The Complexities of Reading
This lecture is the first of six of " The Mysteries of Reading and
Writing". We tend to think that reading competence increases with practice.
Actually, it is a complex and mysterious process.
I.【B1】______: A story of two Greek boys【B1】______
—Dimitris has learnt to read but doesn’t know the【B2】______in which the【B2】______
letter is written.
—Gregoris is illiterate, but is familiar with the local vernacular.
—The result is that the reading process【B3】______the two boys’ efforts.【B3】______
II. The different process of learning speaking and reading
—both specific to human species
—talking or speaking can be learnt【B4】______【B4】______
—exposed to a linguistic environment
—engaged in linguistic exchanges
—following【B5】______【B5】______
—reading, to be learnt "formally"
—can’t be acquired by spending time with written material
—must be "taught" and【B6】______, either in one’s childhood or later【B6】______
—tragedy: roughly 20% of the global adult population being illiterate
—some exceptions in【B7】______: Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere【B7】______
(My Father’s Glory)
III. Reading is the result of a patient【B8】______【B8】______
—learning to make sense of words, then sentences, finally the " global
meaning" of a text
—learning to understand the【B9】______of the text: "befores" and【B9】______
"afters" , cause and effect, or finality
—learning to understand the usage of pronouns and the definite article
—being fortunate for us to have learnt the reading skill
IV. About the next lecture:【B10】______【B10】______
—explore a range of images of readers
—ask them about perceptions of reading
【B10】
The Complexities of Reading
Good morning, everyone, welcome to my lecture. This is the first of six lectures which I’ve entitled " The Mysteries of Reading and Writing". Tonight I’d like to open the subject up by asking a series of questions and suggesting possible answers to some of them. The answers to other questions will emerge during the course of later lectures. Or at least that’s the plan.
We take reading for granted. Once we’ve gained basic literacy, our competence increases with practice and we don’t think much about it until we attempt to help someone else to learn to read. Then we’re struck by what a long and difficult process learning to read is. And indeed how difficult it is to define. In France, in Burgundy, this summer I was struck by a sign directing people to a " Station de lecture du paysage"—A Post for Reading the Landscape.
Reading is also a very complex and in some way mysterious business.
(1)I’d like to tell a little story to illustrate this. Imagine two young Greek boys, playing in the attic of a house in rural Greece. They come across an old chest, and in it, a letter. They persuade each other that it includes instructions as to where to find valuables hidden during the Second World War.(2)One, let’s say Dimitris, has learnt to read but doesn’t know the local dialect in which the letter is written. The other, let’s say Gregoris, is illiterate, but is familiar with the local dialect. Dimitris gazes frustratedly at the words on the page while Gregoris asks impatiently what the letter says. Dimitris starts to "sound out" the words and Gregoris encourages him occasionally correcting a slight mispronunciation.(3 - 1)When Dimitris reaches the end of the letter, Gregoris is able to translate its contents into Modern Greek and they are then both aware of what the letter says.
Now, who has "read" the letter? It can’t be Gregoris, as he is illiterate. Nor can it be Dimitris as he doesn’t know the local dialect.(3 - 2)So we have to conclude that the reading process has been shared and collaborative.
Reading isn’t simply about " sounding out the letters". Nor can we do it without a certain oral competence in the language we’re reading.
(4)Reading is specific to the human species, like speech, but reading doesn’t follow, or at least not directly, from innate capabilities which are activated simply by spending time with written material. With rare exceptions children learn to speak by being exposed to a linguistic environment and being encouraged into linguistic exchanges.(5)They learn to talk according to a developmental scheme, which is both genetically programmed and geared to the properties of each particular mother tongue.
(6)But reading, as opposed to speaking, has to be learnt "formally". It has to be "taught" and assimilated, either in childhood or later. Without the pedagogy, children remain illiterate. It is a tragedy that there are some 774 million, roughly 20% of the global adult population, illiterate people in the world. I say "a tragedy" because I believe that reading greatly extends our understanding of the world and of ourselves.
(7)That reading has to be taught formally has sometimes been denied, at least in fiction. Edgar Rice Burroughs, in Tarzan, King of the Jungle tells of the young savage child finding a reading primer in the cabin abandoned by an explorer—his father. He does his utmost to make sense of what he calls the " little insects" , the letters, recognising their recurrences and the combinations in which they appear. He teaches himself to read.
In Marcel Pagnol’s La Gloire de mon pere(My Father’s Glory)Pagnol explains how he taught himself, aged just four, to read. He was often left by his mother at the back of the classroom when his mother went shopping. He’d play with a toy and watch his father admiringly. His father assumed that he was amusing himself quietly and paying no attention to his lessons.
(8)Reading is the result of a patient apprenticeship guided by patient teachers. And it’s a complex process. It begins with learning how to make sense of words, then sentences, and finally what we might call the " global meaning" of a text.(9)The apprentice reader has to understand that a text is not simply sentences placed together. Rather there are " befores" and " afters" , and there are relations of cause and effect, or finality, between two events. Without necessarily learning formal grammar, the learner-reader of fiction has to understand that a character first introduced as Catherine, is the same character referred to later on by the pronoun "she" , or the character who reappears as a definite article, followed by a noun, qualified by adjectives, " the pretty little girl" : " Catherine" , "she" , and "the pretty little girl" are all the same "character". The more one thinks about reading, the more remarkable it is that it’s a skill that most of us are fortunate enough to have learnt. Because language is a tricky and slippery business.
This evening we considered complexities of reading.(10)In my next lecture, I’d like to consider the reader, as opposed to reading. We’ll be exploring a range of images of readers and asking what they tell us about perceptions of reading. Thanks for your attention.
选项
答案
the reader
解析
本题考查重要细节。这篇讲座的主要内容是阅读的复杂性,根据句(10)可知,下一次讲座的主题是和阅读能力相对的读者,探讨读者的不同类型以及探寻他们对阅读的理解,所以答案为the reader。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VBKO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TipsonHavingMoreFruittoKeepingYouHealthyI.Afewstepsyouneedtohelphavemorefruit:1)Havingfruitaroundi
Accordingtothenews,whatdidIranresumeonMonday?
A、people’slivesB、environmentalissuesC、consumptionpatternsD、mediaadvertisementsD
HowtoConquerPublicSpeakingFearI.IntroductionA.Publicspeaking—acommonsourceofstressforeveryoneB.Thetruthabou
A、IntheReadingRoom.B、IntheReferenceRoom.C、IntheReceptionRoom.D、InthePeriodicalRoom.BA在阅览室;在资料室;C在接待室;D在期刊室。
TipsforEffectiveStudy1.Takegoodnotes.Suggestions:—Takenotesforaparticularclassin【1】;—Dateeach
TipsforEffectiveStudy1.Takegoodnotes.Suggestions:—Takenotesforaparticularclassin【1】;—Dateeach
Accordingtotheinterview,whatdoesyellowjournalismmean?
Accordingtotheinterview,controversyoverthebook"AMillionLittlePieces"liesinits
Accordingtotheinterviewee,whatistheproblemofthepresentscienceeducation?
随机试题
未分配利润
基层劳动卫生工作主要内容是,除外
A.牙齿B.胸围C.坐高D.身高E.前囟与胸廓和肺的发育相关的指标是()
下列关于政府的基本职能表述中不符合规定的是()。
为了满足企业管理的需要,企业的明细账设置得越细越好。()
社会学习论的理论根源是()。
乌申斯基认为,儿童是依靠形式、颜色、声音和感觉进行思维的。该观点要求小学教学应当遵循()。
2022年6月22日,习近平总书记主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二十六次会议时强调,要遵循科技创新规律和人才成长规律,以激发科技人才创新活力为目标,按照创新活动类型,构建以()为导向的科技人才评价体系,引导人尽其才、才尽其用、用有所成
单击“演示文稿”按钮,然后按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹下。某会计网校的刘老师正在准备有关《小企业会计准则》的培训课件,她的助手己搜集并整理了一份该准则的相关资料存放在Word文档“《小企业会计准则》培训素材.docx
Jobhuntingisnevereasy,butwhatifdatacouldbeusedtomaketheprocessalittlelessstressful?CompaniessuchasLin
最新回复
(
0
)