首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Last year, when President George W. Bush announced that federal funds could be used to support research on human embryonic stem
Last year, when President George W. Bush announced that federal funds could be used to support research on human embryonic stem
admin
2016-01-30
73
问题
Last year, when President George W. Bush announced that federal funds could be used to support research on human embryonic stem cells, he mandated that only those cell lines that existed at the time would qualify for such support. More than a year later, it’s becoming increasingly clear that these existing cell lines are inadequate. Unless more are created, the research slowdown may exact a staggering cost in terms of human suffering.
Since this announcement, the US National Institutes of Health has tried to stimulate research on. the existing cell lines with new funding and efforts to streamline the initially cumbersome process of obtaining approved cells. However, whether there are 60 cell lines, as originally stated, or nine, as now appear to be available to NIH-funded investigators, the number is not adequate. Given the genetic diversity within the population, scientists need access to new cell lines if they are to come up with the most effective cell therapies.
The issue is partly one of safety. In conducting research with human participants, we must minimize risks. The most effective cell line might not be the safest. When developing a new medicine, a large number of molecules must be screened to find a balance between effectiveness and safety. The same is true with cells. In the context of cell therapy, it will be important to minimize unwanted immune reactions and inflammation this requires selection from a large number of cell lines to obtain the best match.
It’s clear from experiments with animals that stem-cell therapies can reduce human suffering as Parkinsonian mice have been cured with embryonic stem cells that were programmed to become dopamine-secreting, replacement nerve ceils. Soon, cells induced to make insulin in tissue cultures will be used in attempts to treat diabetic mice. Similar successes have been achieved in animal models of spinal-cord injury, heart failure and other degenerative disorders. We are at a frontier in medicine where tissues will be restored in ways that were not imaginable just a few years ago. The ethical issues raised by human-embryo research are profound. The human costs of restricting this research must be taken into account as well. The cost in dollars of delaying new stem-cell research is difficult to estimate. It might measure in the hundreds of billions of dollars, especially if one adds the lost productivity of individuals who must leave work to care for victims of degenerative disorders.
A less obvious, but real, cost is the damage to the fabric of America’s extraordinary culture of inquiry and technical development in biomedical science. Our universities and teaching hospitals are unparalleled. We attract the very best students, scientists and physicians from around the world. But these institutions are fragile. Research and education play key roles in attracting the best physicians. A crippled research enterprise might add an unbearable stress with long-lasting effects on the entire system. If revolutionary new therapies are delayed or outlawed, we could be set back for years, if not decades.
To steer clear of controversy, some investigators will redirect their research. Others will emigrate to countries where such research is allowed and encouraged. Some will drop out entirely. The pall cast over the science community could extend far beyond stem-cell research. Many therapies have emerged from collaboration between government-sponsored researchers and private enterprise. Few of these discoveries would have emerged if, for instance, recombinant DNA research had been outlawed 30 years ago. We face the same type of decision today with limits placed on human embryonic stem cells. Safeguards will be necessary. But if we do not proceed embracing the values of objective, open, inquiry with complete sharing of methods and results, the field will be left to less rigorous fringe groups here and abroad. Patients and society will suffer.
The most suitable title for the passage would be______.
选项
A、The Cell Lines
B、The Stem-cell Research
C、The Dangers of Delay
D、Costs on American Patients
答案
C
解析
主旨题。原文首段尾句提到,如果找不到更多的细胞株,研究就会停下来,这将使人类遭受极大的痛苦;第四段首句表明“It’s clear from experiments with animals that stem—cell therapies canreduce human suffering(动物实验证明干细胞疗法能减轻人类的病痛)”。第四、五段提到了干细胞研究停滞会带来的后果,因此这项研究不能拖延。文章结尾指出干细胞研究既要谨慎也要有冒险精神。故答案为C。选项A是细节内容,选项B范围过大,选项D为干扰项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VFGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
(复旦大学2011年试题)Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehi
(复旦大学2011年试题)Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehi
Icouldn’tsleeplastnightbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.(中南大学2007年试题)
(中国矿业大学2009年试题)Solvingaproblemcanbebrokenintoseveralsteps.First,theproblemmustbeidentifiedcorrectly.Psychol
Onhiswanderingshe’s______Spanish,Italian,FrenchandasmatteringofRussian.(四川大学2010年试题)
Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesinthisareaarein______.
Today,theTowerofLondonisoneofthemostpopulartourist【C1】______andattractsoverthreemillionvisitorsayear.Itw
Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.
Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverear
ThearomaofchocolateperfumestheairoftheRued’AssasinParis.EnteringChristianConstant’sstate-of-the-artboutique,yo
随机试题
适用于对生产周期在半年以上或一年以上,仍需继续生产、销售并且有盈利的在制品评估的评估方法是()
A、背侧丘脑B、上丘脑C、下丘脑D、后丘脑E、底丘脑灰结节属于()
急性胰腺炎发病12小时以内,哪一项实验室检查诊断比较准确()(1995年)
A.加味保和丸B.曲麦枳术丸C.养胃增液丸D.参苓白术散E.补中益气丸
朱砂安神丸的组成药物中不含
阵发性室上性心动过速首选的药物是
A.药品评价中心B.国家中药品种保护审评委员会C.行政事项受理服务和投诉举报中心D.执业药师资格认证中心承担全国药品不良反应、医疗器械不良事件监测与评价的技术工作的是()。
外商投资企业和外国企业从事应纳资源税的资源的开采,也应缴纳资源税。()
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性。
DuringMcDonald’searlyyearsFrenchfriesweremadefromscratcheveryday.RussetBurbankpotatoeswere【1】,cutintoshoestrin
最新回复
(
0
)