首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2014-02-27
95
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before, so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler,【C1】______a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the【C2】______of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage【C3】______. The children were trained on each stage【C4】______. The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of【C5】______the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough.【C6】______the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble.(All they had to do was put it in a hole.) 【C7】______they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then【C8】______without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive【C9】______.
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from【C10】______psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens,【C11】______. when we learn that a task was devised which was【C12】______to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
【C13】______the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two【C14】______colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two【C15】______segments —"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box" — so the task seems formally to be【C16】______. But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then【C17】______that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children,【C18】______. the difficulty lies not in the【C19】______processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem【C20】______college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
【C9】
选项
A、reassuming
B、discussing
C、reasoning
D、demonstrating
答案
C
解析
本题测试搭配。reassume意为“再设想,再假定”;discuss意为“探讨,讨论”;reason意为“推论,推理”,指用逻辑思维来决定或推论:demonstrate意为“论证,证明”,指通过实验、例子或实际应用来解释并说明。deductive reasoning是习惯搭配,意思是“演绎推理”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VHO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
AnunendingflowofprivateandpubliccriticismsuggeststhatthepeopleoftheUnitedStatessuffer【C1】______government,natio
ANotlongafterGalileo’stime,SirIsaacNewtoninventedBanotherkindofTelescopeCwhichheusedmirrorsDinsteadoflenses.
Her______shouldnotbeconfusedwithmiserliness;aslongasIhaveknownher,shehasalwaysbeenwillingtoassistthosewhoa
Ifyoususpectthattheillnessmightbeserious,youshouldnot______goingtothedoctor.
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslarg
Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!(41)______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonste
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisesthewholevocabulary.First,
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisesthewholevocabulary.First,
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisesthewholevocabulary.First,
随机试题
AWouldyoupleaseaskthemBdon’tspeakCtooloudly?Ican’tDheartheteacher.
pH下降,HCO3-下降,PCO2正常pH升高,HCO3-下降,PCO2下降
用于维持简单再生产对原有固定资产折旧进行补偿的投资被称为()。
设置线路标桩时,水平桩在曲线地段应定设在()。
甲、乙因某不动产发生纠纷,甲欲通过诉讼方式解决。其选择诉讼管辖法院的下列表述中,符合法律规定的是()。
处理群体性事件时,如何慎用警力?
社区要素中第一要素是()。
以下表述符合我国当代法学理论界对广义“法律”认识的是( )。
Ifthedisputescannotbearranged,itonlyremainstotakelegal______.
在进行多维分析时,如果将年销售额投影到每个月上来进行观察,这种分析动作被称为_________。
最新回复
(
0
)