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It is abundantly clear that using a smartphone while driving is dangerous. When you call, text, check your favorite feed, check

admin2021-09-25  6
问题     It is abundantly clear that using a smartphone while driving is dangerous. When you call, text, check your favorite feed, check that game, do voicemail, or fumble for your phone,【B1】 ________  reaction time and distraction lead to【B2】 ________ lane change, tailgating, and increased risk of collision. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes that we take our eyes off the road for 5 seconds when we text—during which time the vehicle under our control travels the【B3】 ________ of a football field. It reports that distracted driving is【B4】 ________ in over 9 percent of fatal accidents, and 25 percent of accidents are associated with texting while driving.
    What causes people to use smartphones while driving? Personality traits are a critical, under-researched【B5】 ________ factor. Personality plays a role in how we observe an incident, determine risk-benefit , and【B6】 ________ how we make key decisions. Researchers recruited 273 survey participants from the ADAC (the German equivalent of the Automobile Association of America). Participants completed【B7】 ________ of Big Five personality traits, demographic variables (age, gender, educational level, etc.) and frequency of smartphone uses. The analysis showed three【B8】 ________ and statistically-independent personality profiles. Researchers【B9】 ________ and asked participants from each group what they thought might help them stop using smartphones while driving, anticipating that【B10】 ________  interventions to personality could be more effective.
    Non-Neurotic Driver. Less focused on risk and less diligent, while more interested in novelty and pleasing others (e. g. by returning a text), they are likelier to feel comfortable checking their phone and be【B11】 ________ to do so. Non-neurotic drivers said that better education about risks of smartphone use (e. g. in driving school) and【B12】 ________ showing how smartphone use negatively impacts driving would decrease smartphone use. However, law enforcement efforts, they said, including penalties, fines and license suspensions, might【B13】 ________  their rebellious behaviors.
    Extraverted-Open Driver. Being more social, wanting to share their feelings, and seeking intimate relationship, augmented by lower diligence, made them more likely to use smartphones without risk【B14】 ________ coming into play. Drivers in this group said that they were distracted by having a lot on their minds while driving. Tools helping self-decipline would potentially keep them off their phones. They also suggested that technology【B15】 ________ hand-free smartphone use, such as vehicle-based computer links, would reduce distraction.
    Conscientious Driver. While sharing some characteristics with other profiles, they were driven by scrupulousness, wanting to finish tasks and reply to work messages, augmented by neurotic concerns, leading them to finish up job tasks using smartphones while driving. These drivers reported that greater【B16】 ________  of risk would deter them, for example roadside warning signs. Such reminders could【B17】 ________ both conscientiousness to be a good driver and risk-awareness from neuroticism to help them make more conscious decisions in【B18】 ________ the insignificant benefit of phone use against the actual risk from distraction.
    Individuals who use smartphones while driving may【B19】 ________ themselves in one of the three profiles. To reduce the【B20】 ________ of distracted driving, the NHTSA suggests developing safe routines like stopping at a rest area to use the phone.
【B11】
选项 A、confused
B、motivated
C、compelled
D、informed
答案B
解析 词义辨析题。选项的意思分别为[A]“困惑的”；[B]“有积极性的，有动力的”；[C]“强迫的”；[D]“通知的”。第一类司机具有对新奇事物和取悦他人感兴趣的人格特点，因此他们更愿意去关注手机的最新消息，更有动力去及时回复，因此答案选[B]。
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考研英语一

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