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  3. All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Fr

admin2021-06-15  31
问题         All of the 2019 Nobel Prizes in science were awarded to men. That’s a return to business as usual, after biochemical engineer Frances Arnold won in 2018, for chemistry, and Donna Strickland received the 2018 Nobel Prize in physics.
        Strickland was only the third female physicist to get a Nobel following Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer 60 years later. When asked how that felt, she noted that at first it was surprising to realize so few women had won the award, "But, I mean, I do live in a world of mostly men, so seeing mostly men doesn’t really ever surprise me either."
        The rarity of female Nobel laureates raises questions about women’s exclusion from education and careers in science. Female researchers have come a long way over the past century. But there’s overwhelming evidence that women remain underrepresented in the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering and math.
        Studies have shown those who persist in these careers face explicit and implicit barriers to advancement. Bias is most intense in fields that are predominantly male where women lack a critical mass of representation and are often viewed as tokens or outsiders.
        Traditional stereotypes hold that women "don’t like math" and "aren’t good at science." Both men and women report these viewpoints, but researchers have empirically disputed them. Studies show that girls and women avoid STEM education not because of cognitive inability, but because of early exposure and experience with STEM, educational policy, cultural context, stereotypes and a lack of exposure to role models.
        For the past several decades, efforts to improve the representation of women in STEM fields have focused on countering these stereotypes with educational reforms and individual programs that can increase the number of girls entering and staying in what’s been called the STEM pipeline—the path from K-12 to college to postgraduate training.
        These approaches are working. Women are increasingly likely to express an interest in STEM careers and pursue STEM majors in college. Women now make up half or more of workers in psychology and social sciences and are increasingly represented in the scientific workforce, though computer and mathematical sciences are an exception.
        More women are graduating with STEM Ph. D. s and earning faculty positions. But they encounter glass cliffs and ceilings as they advance through their academic careers. They face a number of structural and institutional barriers in academic STEM careers.
        In addition to issues related to the gender pay gap, the structure of academic science often makes it difficult for women to get ahead in the workplace and to balance work and life commitments. Bench science can require years of dedicated time in a laboratory. The strictures of the tenure-track process can make maintaining work-life balance, responding to family obligations, and having children or taking family leave difficult, if not impossible.
What is the main idea that the author intends to convey through the article?
选项 A、The Nobel Prize awards have neglected women’s contribution in science.
B、Women have been working hard to seek more equality in science work.
C、Women have been facing barriers in STEM but are gaining more attention.
D、Education has to put more effort to cultivate women scientists.
答案C
解析 主旨题。题干：通过文章，作者想要表达的主旨是什么?通读文章，把握全文的主旨。本文首先根据Strickland对自己成为继1903年玛丽·居里和60年后玛丽亚·格佩特_梅耶之后第三位获得诺贝尔奖的女性物理学家的感想来引出文章的话题，Strickland表示在自己的研究领域中男性居多，因此对男性获奖多并不惊讶，接着文章分析了偏见在以男性为主的领域最为强烈的原因，女性避免接受科学、技术、工程和数学相关教育的原因，提高女性在科技教育领域代表性的方法和这些方法取得的效果，以及女性在科学、技术、工程和数学相关职业中面临的障碍。由此可知，女性在科学，技术、工程和数学领域中面临障碍，但是这一现象在逐渐好转，这些领域中的女性在逐渐增多，C项“女性在STEM领城一直面临障碍，但是目前正在获得越来越多的关注”符合本文主题。A项“诺贝尔奖忽略了女性在科学领域的贡献”，明显表述错误，诺贝尔奖并没有忽略女性的贡献，只是在STEM领域工作的女性太少；B项“女性一直在努力，以便在科学工作中寻求更多平等”，在文章中没有明显体现；D项“加强教育，培养更多的女科学家”，是对文章的片面概括，故排除。综合以上分析，故本题选C。
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