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  3. By 2010 the European Commission predicts transcontinental freight traffic will have risen 50 percent as a result of European exp

By 2010 the European Commission predicts transcontinental freight traffic will have risen 50 percent as a result of European exp

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问题     By 2010 the European Commission predicts transcontinental freight traffic will have risen 50 percent as a result of European expansion, and much of that will have to cross the enormous obstacle of the Alps. Right now the only practical way for most heavy traffic to get through is by truck and. tunnel. And while that could change if safer and cleaner rail lines were opened, the chances are that they won’t happen anytime soon.
    Several private trucking companies have adapted quickly and creatively to the demands of European unification. Some of the bigger truckers trace cargoes with the Global Positioning System and sophisticated computers. And if trucks also bring more road hazards and pollution, at present there is no alternative. Right now only 8 percent of European merchandise moves by rail, compared with more than 40 percent in the United States. Delays are so common that the average speed for freight is about 18 km an hour.     The railways have had trouble outgrowing a heritage of national rivalries and open warfare between Europe’s countries. The result is what another European Commission report calls "a mosaic of badly interconnected national systems. " Language barriers remain a problem, requiring crew changes at some borders. Switching systems and signals differ.
    And efficiency is more of a dream than a goal. Europe’s railroads still have to deal with "phantom trains" that run so late they combine with others and disappear from the railroad’s records. In an era when many companies depend on a "just-in-time" inventories to make a profit, railroads are rarely on time at all.
    Yet there is little official enthusiasm for changing the system. The reality is that governments have helped create the imbalance between road and rail in Europe—and government action will likely be needed to fix it. The French emphasis on using rail to move people instead of goods, for instance, has helped cripple freight service. "All the investments went to passenger traffic," says Denis Doute, director of freight services for the French rail company SNCF. Freight trains have had to find "windows" to run in between passenger trains, unlike those in the United States, which often travel on separate tracks. The further development of the freight network requires massive investments to modernize existing infrastructure and open new ones. However, the political will to fund that kind of investment is lacking, which means the citizens will have to hold their noses for a while longer.
According to the author, the badly interconnected national system results from
选项 A、serious conflicts between countries.
B、different language systems.
C、the bad manners of crew at borders.
D、the lack of safer rail lines.
答案A
解析 作者认为，彼此之间联系非常糟糕的国家系统的成因是[A]国家之间的严重冲突。[B]不同的语言系统。[C]边境的工作人员没有礼貌。[D]缺乏更安全的铁路线。第三段第一句话指出，铁路很难逾越欧洲国家之间的对抗和公开竞争的传统。欧洲委员会的一份报告将它造成的后果称为“彼此之间联系非常糟糕的国家系统的马赛克”。问题是将原因与结果调换了一下位置。反过来说，彼此之间联系非常糟糕的国家系统是由国家之间的严重冲突造成的，正确答案是[A]。其余三个选项都是对国家之间联系非常糟糕的具体阐述。
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