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  3. One of the hottest questions in the study of animal behavior is. "Do animals have emotions?" The simple answer is. "Of course th

One of the hottest questions in the study of animal behavior is. "Do animals have emotions?" The simple answer is. "Of course th

admin2015-09-30  58
问题     One of the hottest questions in the study of animal behavior is. "Do animals have emotions?" The simple answer is. "Of course they do. " Just look at them, listen to them, and, if you dare, smell the odors they emit when they interact with friends and foes. Look at their faces, tails, bodies and, most importantly, their eyes. What we see on the outside tells us a lot about what’s happening inside animals’ heads and hearts.
    As a scientist who’s studied animal emotions for more than 30 years. I consider myself very fortunate. Whenever I observe or work with animals, I get to contribute to science and develop social relationships at the same time, and to me, there’s no conflict between the two. While stories about animal emotions abound, there are many lines of scientific support(what I call "science sense")about the nature of animal emotions that are rapidly accumulating from behavioral and neurobiological studies(from the emerging field called social neuroscience). Common sense and intuition also feed into and support science sense and the obvious conclusion is that mammals, at the very least, experience rich and deep emotional lives, feeling passions from pure and contagious joy during play, to deep grief and pain. Recent data also shows that birds and fish are sentient and experience pain and suffering. Prestigious scientific journals regularly publish essays on joy in rats, grief in elephants and empathy in mice.
    The bottom line is that we know more about animal passions than we often admit, and we can no longer ignore the pain and suffering of other beings. Many people in higher education are faced with difficult questions about the use of animals in their classrooms and research laboratories and today we must accept that there are compelling reasons stemming from scientific research to limit and perhaps stop using animals in lieu of the numerous highly effective non animal alternatives that are readily available.     In scientific research there are always surprises. Just when we think we’ve seen it all, new scientific data appear that force us to rethink what we know and to revise our stereotypes. For example, spindle cells, which were long thought to exist only in humans and other great apes, have recently been discovered in humpback whales, fin whales, killer whales and sperm whales in the same area of their brains as spindle cells in human brains. This brain region is linked with social organization, empathy and intuition about the feelings of others, as well as rapid gut reactions. Spindle cells are important in processing emotions. It’s likely that if we seek the presence of spindle cells in other animals we will find them.
Which of the following best supports the assumption that animals have emotions?
选项 A、What happens in their heads and hearts.
B、How they interact with friends and foes.
C、The odors they emit when heing with friends.
D、The expression in their eyes while interacting with others.
答案D
解析 根据第一段倒数第二句“Look at…and，most importantly，their eyes”，D应为答案。
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