首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
admin
2015-07-13
54
问题
Creative Destruction of Higher Education
A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学园): young students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars.
B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflation every year.
C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值)terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $ 15,000 a year.
D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up their human capital all through their lives.
E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third—technology—ensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or " Massive Open Online Course", is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online master’s degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online "pre-MBA" for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University.
F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities’ incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to achust themselves to survive.
G)Like all revolutions, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues.
H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course.
I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together.
MOOCs are improving in that private investors and existing universities are engaged in them.
选项
答案
E
解析
E)段定位句和题干中均出现了private investors and existing universities;题干中的improving和are engaged in分别是定位句中changing和are drawn in的同义转述,故E)为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VVl7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Themandoesn’thavetotaketheTOEFLtest.B、Themandoesn’thavetotaketheEnglishtest.C、Themanhasgothisadmission
IntheUnitedStates,acountryofimmigrants,prejudiceanddiscriminationcontinuetobeseriousproblems.Therewasoftenten
Sportsandgamesmakeourbodiesstrong,【B1】______gettingtoofat,andkeepushealthy.Butthesearenottheironlyuse.Theyg
A、Theplacetheylivedinwasstrickenbyastorm.B、Theywentouttogetmoreworkopportunities.C、Theywenttoseektheirluc
WhatYouReallyNeedtoKnowA)Aparadox(悖论)ofAmericanhighereducationisthis:Theexpectationsofleadinguniversitiesdomu
ManyBrazilianscannotread.In2000,aquarterofthoseaged15andolderwerefunctionallyilliterate(文盲).Many【C1】______dono
ManyBrazilianscannotread.In2000,aquarterofthoseaged15andolderwerefunctionallyilliterate(文盲).Many【C1】______dono
A、Heusedtobeherdoctor.B、Therearebetterdoctorsthanhimintown.C、It’sdifficulttomeethim.D、Heisagooddoctor.D男
A、Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.B、Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.C、Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthing
A、ShecanonlyspeakFrench.B、ShecanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.C、ShespeaksneitherEnglishnorFrench.D、Shehaslearned
随机试题
简述精神障碍患者物品安全管理。
间皮分布于
患者,女,65岁。既往陈旧性心肌梗死病史。2小时前解大便时出现呼吸困难,大汗淋漓,平车就诊。查体:端坐呼吸,血压133/89mmHg,心率85次/分,无颈静脉怒张,双肺布满湿啰音,双下肢无水肿。该患者出现呼吸困难最可能的原因是
1983年至1987年期间,随着计算机技术的进步和经济的发展,部分单位陆续自行开发会计软件,这个阶段被称为( )。
X省Y事业单位该年年初准备使用财政性资金修缮和装修一幢办公楼,预算金额为800万元,采用公开招标方式,经确认,此次采购项目已经达到公开招标的标准。该单位委托甲招标公司代理进行公开招标的事宜,已知甲公司取得的政府采购代理机构资格的中介机构。甲公司于3月1日在
20×7年5月1日,甲公司以银行存款11500万元支付给乙公司,作为取得乙公司持有的丙公司80%股权的合并对价。另发生评估审计等费用20万元,已用银行存款支付。股权合并日丙公司可辨认净资产账面价值为150000万元。交易前乙公司为甲公司和丙公司的母公司,则
甲公司因转产致使一台价值1000万元的精密机床闲置。该公司董事长王某与乙公司签订了一份机床转让合同。合同规定,精密机床作价950万元,甲公司于10月31日前交货,乙公司在交货后Io天内付清款项。在交货日前,甲公司发现乙公司经营状况恶化,通知乙公司中止交货并
马克思主义中国化的理论成果包括()
教育活动中应注意“三结合”,发挥教育台力。“二结合”所指的二种教育是()
我不是你们家的人,为什么帮你做这些事?
最新回复
(
0
)