首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports
admin
2012-10-11
59
问题
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports, and exports (the balance of trade), the balance of payments includes private foreign loans (and interest); loans by governments, central banks, and international organizations; and movements of gold or reserve currencies.
An international medium of exchange is required for international trade. From the late 1800s until World War Ⅰ, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerable to short-term changes in the gold supply.
After the financial instability of the 1930s, the international monetary(货币的) system was rebuilt following World War Ⅱ on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the U. S. dollar; reserves were kept in dollars, which could be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund (IMF), a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient(接受的) countries, a frequently criticized practice.
The success of the gold-exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the United States in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance of payments deficits(赤字) lowered U. S. gold re serves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered(两极的) system was adopted. Government banks maintained fixed gold prices, while nongovernmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing rights (SDRs) were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes did not relieve strain on the U. S. dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard.
The gold exchange standard differs from the gold standard in that ______.
选项
A、it does not establish a generally accepted international medium of exchange
B、it establishes no relationship between the value of a given currency and the value of gold
C、the relationship it established between the value of any currency and the value of gold is indirect rather than direct
D、it is a two-tiered rather than a single-tiered system
答案
C
解析
推断题。由题干gold-exchange standard和gold standard定位到第二、三段。第二段提到金本位指多数货币可直接与黄金挂钩;第三段第二句提到金汇兑本位制指多数货币与美元挂钩而美元与黄金挂钩,即在金汇兑本位制下,各国货币与黄金的关系是间接的。C“它(金汇兑本位制)在各种货币和黄金之间建立的关系是间接的,而不是直接的”与文章内容正好相符。D是事实,但不是二者的区别。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VWb7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Single-sexstoresappealtocustomersbetter.B、Single-sexstorescan’tperformwell.C、Itishardtoarrangeasingle-sexsto
Internationalairlineshaverediscoveredthebusinesstravelers,themanorwomanwhoregularlyjetsfromcountrytocountryas
A、TheculturalheritageofAmericans.B、HowtodealwithAmericans.C、HowtodobusinesswithAmericans.D、HowtotraveltoAmer
Whatwasthemostinterestingdreamtheauthorhadeverhad?Accordingtotheauthor,theeasiestwaytorememberyourdreamsi
Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenatio
ThecurrentemergencyinMexicoCitythathastakenoverourlivesisnothing.Icouldeverhaveimaginedformeormychildren.
Areyouasocialbutterfly,ordoyoupreferbeingattheedgeofagroupoffriends?Eitherway,yourgenesandevolutionmayp
Scienceisthesystematic_________ofknowledgeusingnatureitselforlaboratorymodelsandexperiments.
Themechanismthat______theturntableisbroken.Therehastobesomeoneheretomenditthisafternoon.
Their______buildingislocatednexttothepark,soitisveryconvenientforthemtohaveawalkaftersupper.
随机试题
患者,女,40岁。烦渴多饮,口干舌燥,尿频量多,舌边尖红苔薄黄,脉洪数。其治法是
粗颗粒含量较多的土是填筑路堤的良好材料。()
案例一一般资料:求助者,女性,28岁,中学教师。案例介绍:求助者由于与丈夫发生矛盾,烦躁、失眠三个多月。下面是心理咨询师与求助者之间的一段咨询对话。心理咨询师:您好!请问我能为您提供什么帮助呢?求助者:我最
下列各组向量中满足a//b的是().
斗鸡博弈强调的是,如何在博弈中采用妥协的方式取得利益。如果双方都换位思考,它们可以就补偿进行谈判,最后造成以补偿换退让的协议,问题就解决了。博弈中经常有妥协,双方能换位思考就可以较容易地达成协议。考虑自己得到多少补偿才愿意退,并用自己的想法来理解对方。只从
下列说法中错误的是()。 Ⅰ程序中断过程是由硬件和中断服务程序共同完成的 Ⅱ在每条指令的执行过程中,每个总线周期要检查一次有无中断请求 Ⅲ检测有无DMA请求,一般安排在一条指令执行过程的末尾 Ⅳ中断服务程序的
容量为64块的Cache采用组相联方式映像,字块大小为128个字,每4块为一组。若主存容量为4096块,且以字编址,那么主存地址应为(7)位,主存区号应为(8)位。
VisualBasic控件一般都规定一个默认属性,在引用这样的属性时,只写对象名而不必给出属性名。默认属性为Caption的控件是
在社交媒体上晒照之前,或许我们都会用一款应用来一键磨皮,放大双眼,加长睫毛以及丰满唇行。【T1】只需在手机上轻点几下,我们便能轻松地向全世界展现“最好”的自己。(tap)然而,这么做的问题在于,简单地修图去掉自身瑕疵的同时,我们也改变了看待自己的方式。【T
Theywerewaitingforasightofthemoviestarspassingby.
最新回复
(
0
)