首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until
admin
2011-03-10
43
问题
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until the nineteenth century. Yet he conditions for its emergence had been developing since the Renaissance. The word itself came into English use in the fourteenth century, following French and Latin precedents; its root was Latin litter, a letter of the alphabet. Litterature, in the common early spelling, was then in effect a condition of reading: of being able to read and of having read. It was often close to the sense of modern literacy, which was not in the language until the late nineteenth century, its introduction in part made necessary b the movement of literature to a different sense. The normal adjective associated with literature was literate. Literary appeared in the sense of reading ability and experience in the seventeenth century, and did not acquire its specialized modern meaning until the eighteenth century.
Literature as a new category was ten a specialization of the area formerly categorized as rhetoric and grammar: a specialization to reading and, in the material context of the development of printing, to the printed word and especially the book, It was eventually to become a more general category than poetry or the earlier poesy, which had been general terms for imaginative composition, but which in relation to the development of literature became predominantly specialized, from the seventeenth century, to metrical composition and especially written and printed metrical composition. But literature was never primarily the active composition-- the "making"--which poetry had described. As reading rather than writing, it was a category of different kind. The characteristic use can be seen in Bacon ".learned in all literature and erudition, divine and humane"--and as late as Johnson "he had probably more than common literature, as his son addresses him in one of his most elaborate Latin poems." Literature, that is to say, was a category of use an condition rather than of production. It was a particular specialization of what had hitherto been seen as an activity or practice, and a specialization, in the circumstances, which was inevitably made in terms of social class. In its first extended sense, beyond the bare sense of "literacy" it was a definition of "polite" or "humane" learning, and thus specified a part interacted with a persist end emphasis on "literature" as reading in he "classical" languages. But still, in his first stage, into the eighteenth century, literature was primarily a generalized social concept, expressing a certain (minority) level of educational achievement. This carded with it a potential and eventually realized alternative definition of literature as "printed books: "the objects in and through which this achievement was demonstrated.
It is important that, within the terms of this development, literature normally included all printed books. There was not necessary specialization to "imaginative" works. Literature was still primarily reading ability and experience, and this included philosophy, history, and essays as well as poems. Were the new eighteenth century novels literature? That question was first approached, not by definition of their mode or content, but by reference to the standards of "polite" or "humane" learning. Was drama literature? This question was to exercise successive generations, not because of any substantial difficulty but because of the practical limits of he category. If literature was reading, could a mode written for spoken performance be said to be literature’, and if not, where was Shakespeare?
At one level the definition indicated by this development has persisted .Literature lost its earliest sense of reading ability and reading experience, and became an apparently objective category, of printed works of a certain quality. The concerns of a "literary editor" a "literary supplement" would still be defined in this way. But three complicating tendencies can then be distinguished: first, a shift from "learning" to "taste" or "sensibility" as a criterion defining literary quality; second, an increasing specialization of literature to "creative" or "imaginative" works; third, a development of the concept of "tradition" within national terms, resulting in the more effective definition of "a national literature." The source of each of these tendencies can be discerned from the Renaissance, but it was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that they came through most powerfully, until they became, in the twentieth century, in effect receive assumptions.
When did the modern concept of "literature" emerge?
选项
A、In the seventeenth century.
B、In the eighteenth century.
C、In the nineteenth century.
D、In the twentieth century.
答案
B
解析
文中第一句提到“did not emerge earlier than the eighteenth century”,因此,“literature”到了18世纪才有了我们现在所理解的概念。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VXYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ModernExaminationsIntheschoolsofancienttimes,themostimportantexaminationswerespoken.Usuallythestudentswere
Foraclearerpictureofwhatthestudentknows,mostofteachersuse【M1】_______anotherkindofexaminationinadditionto
Formostpeople,theideaofgivingapresentationtoagroupofpeopleisafateworsethandeath.Recentresearchhasshownth
ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.CalledtheMain
BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairbelongsto______
Youshouldnotfearspidersthankstotheirpoison.Ofallthespidersin【M1】______NorthAmerica,onlyonekindisreallyda
对文化遗产不感兴趣,这是目前我们社会的一个普遍现象。这些年,走宝、毁宝的事一而再、再而三地发生,见报的只是冰山的一角,没见报的更是不得了。新山书香楼“收宝”反映的是新加坡人“走宝”,另外还有毁宝事件更令人伤心,以下仅举一例:读者某君要搬家了,清理祖
Nooneknowswhenthefirstcalendarwasdeveloped.Butitseemspossiblethatitwasbasedonlunarmonths.Whenpeoplestarted
Sir,youaskmewhatIthinkoftheexpeditiontoChina.Youmustfeelthatitwaspraiseworthy,welldone.Youareverypolite,
OnMay13,1940,WinstonChurchill,thenewlyappointedBritishPrimeMinister,gavehisfirstspeechtoParliament,hewasprep
随机试题
A、Newteachersandstaffhavetoberecruited.B、Itmighttakesometimeforstudentstoadapt.C、Itinvolvesbuyinglotsoftab
金葡菌肺炎最具特征的X线表现是()
患者,男,71岁。诊断为阿尔兹海默症,临床最常用的治疗药物是()。
男性,76岁,有糖尿病史,长期胰岛素治疗,近日胃纳不佳,清晨家属呼之不应,全身皮肤湿冷。最可能的诊断是。
在中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会所进行的仲裁程序中,双方当事人具有哪些权利?()
FlDIC施工合同条件规定的合同文件组成部分包括()。
关于高强度螺栓连接质量验收的说法,正确的有()。
为粉碎“四人帮”奠定了坚实群众基础的是()。
阅读以下说明,回答问题1~问题4,把答案填写到答题纸对应栏内。在Windows和Linux操作系统中都有一个Ping命令,它是最常用的网络管理王具之一,其工作原理是通过向远程主机发送一个回送请求/应答报文来验证网络连接是否正常。在Windows中
Thedoctorthinkshe’ll_____now.Histemperaturehasgonedown.
最新回复
(
0
)