首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until
admin
2011-03-10
45
问题
In its modern form the concept of "literature" die not emerge earlier than eighteenth century and was not fully developed until the nineteenth century. Yet he conditions for its emergence had been developing since the Renaissance. The word itself came into English use in the fourteenth century, following French and Latin precedents; its root was Latin litter, a letter of the alphabet. Litterature, in the common early spelling, was then in effect a condition of reading: of being able to read and of having read. It was often close to the sense of modern literacy, which was not in the language until the late nineteenth century, its introduction in part made necessary b the movement of literature to a different sense. The normal adjective associated with literature was literate. Literary appeared in the sense of reading ability and experience in the seventeenth century, and did not acquire its specialized modern meaning until the eighteenth century.
Literature as a new category was ten a specialization of the area formerly categorized as rhetoric and grammar: a specialization to reading and, in the material context of the development of printing, to the printed word and especially the book, It was eventually to become a more general category than poetry or the earlier poesy, which had been general terms for imaginative composition, but which in relation to the development of literature became predominantly specialized, from the seventeenth century, to metrical composition and especially written and printed metrical composition. But literature was never primarily the active composition-- the "making"--which poetry had described. As reading rather than writing, it was a category of different kind. The characteristic use can be seen in Bacon ".learned in all literature and erudition, divine and humane"--and as late as Johnson "he had probably more than common literature, as his son addresses him in one of his most elaborate Latin poems." Literature, that is to say, was a category of use an condition rather than of production. It was a particular specialization of what had hitherto been seen as an activity or practice, and a specialization, in the circumstances, which was inevitably made in terms of social class. In its first extended sense, beyond the bare sense of "literacy" it was a definition of "polite" or "humane" learning, and thus specified a part interacted with a persist end emphasis on "literature" as reading in he "classical" languages. But still, in his first stage, into the eighteenth century, literature was primarily a generalized social concept, expressing a certain (minority) level of educational achievement. This carded with it a potential and eventually realized alternative definition of literature as "printed books: "the objects in and through which this achievement was demonstrated.
It is important that, within the terms of this development, literature normally included all printed books. There was not necessary specialization to "imaginative" works. Literature was still primarily reading ability and experience, and this included philosophy, history, and essays as well as poems. Were the new eighteenth century novels literature? That question was first approached, not by definition of their mode or content, but by reference to the standards of "polite" or "humane" learning. Was drama literature? This question was to exercise successive generations, not because of any substantial difficulty but because of the practical limits of he category. If literature was reading, could a mode written for spoken performance be said to be literature’, and if not, where was Shakespeare?
At one level the definition indicated by this development has persisted .Literature lost its earliest sense of reading ability and reading experience, and became an apparently objective category, of printed works of a certain quality. The concerns of a "literary editor" a "literary supplement" would still be defined in this way. But three complicating tendencies can then be distinguished: first, a shift from "learning" to "taste" or "sensibility" as a criterion defining literary quality; second, an increasing specialization of literature to "creative" or "imaginative" works; third, a development of the concept of "tradition" within national terms, resulting in the more effective definition of "a national literature." The source of each of these tendencies can be discerned from the Renaissance, but it was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that they came through most powerfully, until they became, in the twentieth century, in effect receive assumptions.
When did the modern concept of "literature" emerge?
选项
A、In the seventeenth century.
B、In the eighteenth century.
C、In the nineteenth century.
D、In the twentieth century.
答案
B
解析
文中第一句提到“did not emerge earlier than the eighteenth century”,因此,“literature”到了18世纪才有了我们现在所理解的概念。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VXYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheU.S.Constitutionrequiresthatthepresidentshouldbea______-year-oldnativebornAmericancitizen,livingintheStat
WhenIappearedbeforeyouonapreviousoccasion,IhadseennothingofAmericanartsavetheDoriccolumnsandCorinthianchim
RudolfVirchowwasamongthegreatestmindsinmedicineinthe19thcentury.Asaresultofhishardworkanddetermination,gre
Itisalongtimeforalargemountofbigcorporationsorinternationalcompaniestopaymuchattentiontoanever-importantsu
BenBuchananandAMagicBookTheTexasteenisdevouringthe672pagesofHarryPotterandtheHalf-BloodPrincewrittenby
HowtoPlanYourFutureCareerForafewmonthsbeforegraduation,universitystudentsarebusywithjobhunting.Severalpoi
Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare—buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincre
Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry—WilliamShakespeare—.Buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreas
IntroductionLinguisticshasbothpracticalandphilosophicalmotivations.Soboththefirstandsecondeditionsofthistex
随机试题
简述影响从众的因素。
病毒的遗传物质是
A、药品通用名称、规格、批号、有效期B、药品名称、贮藏、生产日期、产品批号、有效期、执行标准、批准文号、生产企业C、药品商品名称、贮藏、规格、批号、有效期、生产日期D、药品通用名称、规格、批号、有效期、执行标准、生产企业尺寸过小的药品内包装,其标签至少
如图6-42所示等直径管,考虑损失,A-A断面为过流断面,B-B断面为水平面1、2、3、4各点的物理量有以下关系()。
下列关于公司减少注册资本的表述中,不符合公司法律制度规定的是()。
下列各项中,内部审计部门的职能包括()。
发明专利申请自申请日起(),国务院专利行政部门可以根据申请人随时提出的请求,对其申请进行实质审查。
一般资料:韩某,女,18岁,汉族,高二年级学生求助者主诉:两个多月来求助者心情差,有时感到很绝望、郁闷,害怕考试,厌恶学习,不想见到老师同学,不想说话。求助者自述:从小就没有人真正关心我,爸爸只关心他的生意,而我妈对什么都漠不关心,对我
下列各项中,没有语病的一项是()。
小孟进了一批水果,如果他以每斤一块二的价格出售,那他就会赔4元,如果他以每斤一块五的价格出售,一共可以赚8元。现在小孟想将这批水果尽快出手,以不赔不赚的价格卖出,那么每千克水果应定价()元。
最新回复
(
0
)