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  3. Clean, precise writing or speaking requires systematic, sequential thought. Words have to be crafted, not sprayed. They need to

Clean, precise writing or speaking requires systematic, sequential thought. Words have to be crafted, not sprayed. They need to

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问题     Clean, precise writing or speaking requires systematic, sequential thought. Words have to be crafted,
not sprayed. They need to be fitted together with infinite care.【B1】_______________Thomas Mann would consider himself lucky if, after a full day at his desk, he was able to put down on paper 500 words that he was willing to share with the world.
    【B2】_______________Our words too often lead us away from where we want to go; they unwittingly annoy friends or business associates. We are angry when our position is not understood and then becomes the collapsing factor in an important business deal. Or we are terrified when the leaders of government mis-communicate and put their countries on a collision course.
    The school can have no more important function than to teach students how to make themselves clear. But by putting speed ahead of substance, the school creates false values. Racing against the clock is not an ideal way to organize one’s thoughts or arrange one’s words.
    The same hazards apply to speed-reading. Yes, we are troubled each day by piles of papers, and we need to have some way of getting swiftly at the essential part of letters or articles or presentations.
    【B3】___________________
    Few things are more rewarding than the way the mind can hover over a luminous paragraph or even a phrase, allowing it to light up the imagination. The way the mind transforms little markings on paper into images is one of the highest manifestations of human uniqueness.
    The teacher in high school who made the greatest impression on me would often devote the full classroom period to a single passage from a literary work, helping us get inside the author’s mind and effect a junction between purpose and artistry. I still have a vivid memory, for example, of the way she slowly read the passage from Swift in which Gulliver was tied down by the Lilliputians. Each word became part of a picture in the mind.【B4】________________
    On the opposite extreme, one need not strain for specimens of poor communication in everyday life.
    【B5】__________________
    I see it in the wording of informed-consent papers that patients are asked to sign before undergoing medical procedures. I see it in the small print of insurance policies or on the backs of airline tickets.
    Much of the stumbling and incoherence that gets in the way of effective communication these days has its origin in our failure early on to develop respect for thought processes. The way thoughts are converted into language calls for no less attention in formal schooling than geography or mathematics or biology or any of the other systematic subjects.
    [A]  Like polluted air, it surrounds and encases us.
    [B]  Much of the trouble we get into (as individuals or organizations or as government) is connected to sloppy communication.
    [C]  Squeezing essential meaning into arbitrary and unworkable time limits leads to glibness on one end and exasperation on the other.
    [D]  In the very act of testing writing skills, the schools foster poor writing habits.
    [E]   William Faulkner would isolate himself in a small cell-like room and labor over his words like a jeweler arranging tiny jewels in a watch.
    [F]   I don’t know how long it took Swift to write this particular description, but it helped open young minds to the kind of imagery that belongs to creative expression.
    [G]  But the habit of skimming is too easily carried over to creative reading.
【B5】
选项
答案A
解析 本段首句讲到沟通不好的范例(specimens of poor communication)在生活中很常见。空格后以具体例子说明空格前的观点。A说到it就像polluted air，无处不在，这正好与空格前提到的“沟通不好的范例在日常生活中屡见不鲜”相符，故可确定A中的it指代的正是沟通不好的范例，A这个比喻形象地说明了“范例”无处不在的特点。故答案选A。
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考研英语一

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