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  3. Should animal experimentation be banned? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporte

Should animal experimentation be banned? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporte

admin2022-09-07  49
问题     Should animal experimentation be banned? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and then give your view on the issue.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
    Yes:
    Animal testing is brutal and morally wrong; therefore, it should not be encouraged.
    Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most of them are avoidable.
    88 percent of doctors agree that laboratory experiments performed on animals can be misleading because of anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans.
    No:
    To date, there is no satisfying substitute for animals in related experiments. Animals are used because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behavior or physical condition.
    Another reason to support animal-based experiments is that animals are inferior lives compared to humans, so they can be used as experimental subjects for human purposes. Sometimes in order to test new drugs, or study the effect of certain treatments, researchers have to use animals as test subjects, because it is impossible to experiment on human beings.
    Using animals for experiments is not only for our own interests but also for the interests of animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinarians to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.
选项
答案 Should Animal Experimentation Be Banned? In the development of human history, animal experimentation has always been questioned and criticized by the public. Animal rights activists advocate banning on animal testing because of its cruel process and misleading research results. However, there are still many people in support of using animals as experimental subjects, which can be in the interests of animals as well as humans. Personally speaking, I believe animal testing is necessary. To start with, there are patients who are in need of new drugs and treatments. Since the reduction of human suffering is our first priority, it is justifiable to test drugs and new forms of surgery on animals in order to save human lives. In this case, a move towards animal rights means a move away from human rights. Moreover, animal experimentation is the most predominant form of testing adopted by researchers in the related fields. Live animals are the most reliable subjects for testing because they share a similar basic physiology with humans. Finally, new drugs and treatments have to be proved safe before being given to human patients. To prohibit animal experiments would be to paralyze modern medicine and endanger human health. As has been noted, animals are indispensable medical testing subjects and contribute to invaluable advancement in scientific researches. Undeniably, it is also imperative to keep animal suffering to an absolute minimum in experiments.
解析     本题讨论的是是否应该禁止动物实验。在具体行文方面，考生首先要总结材料，概述正反双方的观点。然后给出自己的观点：动物实验是必要的，不应该禁止，并给出自己的理由。最后总结全文。
    开头部分阐述背景并概述正反双方的观点。正方观点：动物权益保护者们提倡禁止动物实验，因为实验过程太残忍，而实验结果又具有误导性。反方观点：许多人支持动物实验，因为这不仅对人有益，对动物也有好处。
    中间部分通过“Personally speaking，I believe…”阐述自己的观点：动物实验是必要的。并用“To start with…” “Moreover…”和“Finally…”具体阐述理由：病人需要新的药物与治疗方法，减少人类痛苦是我们优先考虑的事情，因此为了挽救人类的生命而使用动物测试药品和新的外科手术是正当行为；动物实验是相关领域研究者测试的最主要形式，由于活体动物与人类拥有相似的生理机能，因此它们是最可靠的实验对象；新的药品和治疗方法在给病人使用之前必须证明其安全性。
    结尾部分通过“As has been noted…”总结全文。
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