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  3. A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should

admin2012-01-21  53
问题     A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
    A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who have not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, in the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by come fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition tums the pains into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
    There are people who object to fairy stories on the ground that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be caught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.
    No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.
The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.
选项 A、repeated without variation
B、treated with reverence
C、adapted by the parent
D、set in the present
答案C
解析 文章第一段“…if a parent can produce what in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better．”一句说 明父母如能根据实际情况对故事加以改编，会更好一些。
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