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  3. (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

(1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" ev

admin2023-02-06  13
问题     (1) Thanksgiving may be an official day of gratitude in the U.S., but research suggests that if you make time for "thank you" every day, you might enjoy life more.
    (2) Many people may think of gratitude as a "passive" gesture—you wait for something good, then feel grateful, said David DeSteno, a professor of psychology at Northeastern University. DeSteno studies the effects that thankfulness can have on people’s behavior.
    (3) But a growing body of research is suggesting the opposite is true, according to DeSteno. By choosing to feel gratitude, people can make positive changes in their lives. "Gratitude isn’t passive reflection. It’s active," DeSteno said. "And it’s not about the past. It’s there to help direct our behavior in the future. "
    (4) In experiments where he and his colleagues set people up to feel grateful, they found that thankfulness appeared to spur participants to act in more cooperative, less selfish ways. In one study, for example, people came to the lab to complete a computer task. At some point, certain participants’ computers were rigged to "crash". Luckily, a kind stranger who had just completed the same task (and was actually part of the research team) offered help and got the computer running again. Afterward, all of the study participants played a standard economic game where people have the opportunity to either act strictly in their own self-interest or in a more cooperative way.
    (5) In general, DeSteno’s team found, the study participants who had gotten help from a stranger during that first test were more likely to be cooperative during the next test. (A survey all of the participants took confirmed that those who’d received help were, in fact, feeling more grateful than their counterparts who’d had smooth sailing.) That’s one of a number of studies, DeSteno said, that suggest that gratitude helps guide behavior. It can encourage you to get more exercises, or to be more helpful to others (and not just that person you feel you "owe").
    (6) Some research has also found links between gratitude and better health, such as lower blood pressure and just feeling physically better. However, it’s not clear whether gratitude directly affects physical well-being.
    (7) At the University of California, Professor Naomi Eisenberger and her colleagues hope to zero in a bit more on the effects of gratitude. For six weeks, some study participants will spend time writing about things for which they are grateful. The rest will write about positive subjects, but won’t focus on gratitude.
    (8) According to Eisenberger, gratitude, based on studies like DeSteno’s, seems to enhance people’s ability to care for others. And in animals, Eisenberger noted, caregiving is linked to lesser reactivity in the face of a threat—mothers may feel less scared for themselves when a predator comes, and protect their babies instead.
    (9) Whatever the biological effects, plenty of research suggests that gratitude can change how you feel—even about those people who’ve been in your life for years, according to Sara Algoe, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina.
    (10) Her research has focused on the effects of gratitude in romantic relationships. In one study of 77 couples who’d been together for an average of four years, Algoe’s team had each partner think of something the other had done for them recently—no matter how small—and then thank him or her. Before that task, the couples completed a survey on their satisfaction with their relationship. Then they did it again six months later.
    (11) In general, the study saw a shift in people who felt their partner really meant that "thank you"—thinking, for example, that "my partner saw the ’real’ me. " Those men and women typically felt more satisfied with their relationship six months later. The findings, according to Algoe, highlight the importance of saying "thank you" even for those mundane things, from those people you see every day.
    (12) " Expressing gratitude well is a potent part of relationship satisfaction," Algoe said. "Sometimes we feel grateful, but we don’t say it. This research suggests it’s important to say it. And if someone offers you help, try accepting it instead of shunning it. See it as a gift. "
According to the passage, one similarity between DeSteno’s and Algoe’s research lies in________.
选项 A、the number of their participants
B、the task types for their participants
C、their research procedures
D、their research objectives
答案D
解析 推断题。由题干中的one similarity和DeSteno’s and Algoe’s research定位到原文两部分内容：第二到五段介绍德斯迪诺研究发现的部分和第九到十二段介绍阿尔戈研究发现的部分。第二段最后一句提到，德斯迪诺研究了感恩对人们行为的影响，第十段第一句表明阿尔戈的研究重点是感恩在爱情中的影响。由此可知，两人的研究目标都是感恩的影响，故D为答案。原文并未提及德斯迪诺研究中参与者的具体人数，而阿尔戈研究中的参与者是77对夫妻，因此，无从比较两者研究中的参与者人数是否相近，故排除A；第四段第二句表明，德斯迪诺研究中的参与者是到实验室完成一项计算机任务，而第十段第二句提到阿尔戈研究中的参与者任务是感谢伴侣近期为其所做之事，由此可知，两项研究中的参与者任务类型并不相似，故排除B；第四段中介绍了德斯迪诺研究的步骤(先让部分参与者陷入困境，然后提供帮助让其产生感激之情，最后让所有的研究参与者再次选择其行事方式)，第十段中介绍了阿尔戈研究的步骤(先让参与者完成一项有关他们对伴侣关系满意度的调查，然后让参与者感谢伴侣近期为其所做之事，最后让参与者在六个月后再做一次有关伴侣关系满意度的调查)，由此可知，两者的研究步骤并不相似，故排除C。
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