2. 外语
  3. •Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page. •Which section(A，B，C or D)does each s

•Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page. •Which section(A，B，C or D)does each s

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问题 •Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page.
•Which section(A，B，C or D)does each statement 1-7 refer to?
•For each statement 1-7，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)．
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once．
   A．For over three decades，academics，managers，and consultants，realizing that transforming organizations is difficult，have analyzed the subject．They’ve sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed．They’ve sanctified the importance of changing organizational culture and employees’attitudes．They’ve teased out the tensions between top-down transformation efforts and participatory approaches to change．Still，studies show that in most organizations，two out of three transformation initiatives fail．   
B．Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and，based on personal experience，focuses on different success factors．The experts，too，offer different perspectives．A recent search for books on ‘change and management’ turned up 6，153 titles，each with a distinct take on the topic. Those ideas have a lot to offer，but take together，they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously，which spreads resource sand skills thin.   
C．Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit，the number of people required to execute it，and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. That doesn’t mean that executives can ignore the soft elements；that would be a grave mistake. However. If companies don’t pay attention to the hard issues first，transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play.   
D．Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on. The more likely it is to fail—the early impetus will peter out，windows of opportunity will close，objectives will be forgotten，key supporters will leave or lose their enthusiasm，and problems will accumulate. However，contrary to popular perception, along project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn’t reviewed frequently. Thus，the time between reviews is more critical for success than a project’s life span.  
the need to consider all the elements involved in a change
选项
答案C
解析 从C篇的第一、第二句“Some of the hard factors that affect a transformation initiative are the time necessary to complete it, the number of people required to execute it, and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. ”及第四句“if companies don’t pay attention to the hard issues first, transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play. ”可知若要使变革成功，必须而且首先应该考虑到硬因素。当然，只考虑硬因素是不够的，第三句“That doesn’t mean that executives can ignore the soft elements; that would be a grave mistake. ”则提到不能忽略软因素，否则，就是犯了严重的错误。综合整篇内容，作者是要表明忽略任何一方面因素都无法使变革成功。因此，C为正确选项。  
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