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  3. Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles could dramatically cut greenhouse gas pollution and reduce U.S. dependence on f

Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles could dramatically cut greenhouse gas pollution and reduce U.S. dependence on f

admin2023-02-20  43
问题     Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles could dramatically cut greenhouse gas pollution and reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil. But results of an electric-car pilot project presented recently at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science provide added incentive to go electric: Car owners could return unused electricity back to the grid (输电网) and make real money while doing it.
    Electric cars need big, powerful batteries to accelerate to highway speeds and travel scores or even several hundred kilometers on a single charge. But because most drivers drive just a few dozen kilometers a day, most of that battery capacity sits unused. To take advantage of that storage capacity, Willett Kempton, director of the University of Delaware’s Center for Carbon-Free Power Integration in Lewes, teamed up with an electric car maker, several utilities, a software company, and PJM Interconnection, one of 10 regional organizations that coordinate and control the U.S. electrical grid.
    To ensure that electricity flows steadily and without interruption, the U.S. government requires PJM Interconnection and its counterparts to have reserves of power in case a generator goes down and other electrical reserves to maintain the 60-Hz frequency of alternating current that our appliances and devices are accustomed to dealing with. Today, PJM Interconnection and its counterparts pay conventional power plants to maintain this reserve power. But as renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, which provide energy cleanly but intermittently, come online, these grid operators need to increase their storage capacity to ensure a steady electricity supply. So Kempton and his colleagues set out to provide some of the backup power from a fleet of parked electric cars.
    Kempton’s team used an electric car from AC Propulsions, a California car company, which was custom-built to provide electricity back to the grid. They used commercially available software and hardware that companies such as PJM Interconnection use to monitor and control energy flow. In November, the company hooked the grid up to the car, and Kempton’s team’s electric car became the first car in the world to earn its keep as a backup electric power source. At the rates that PJM Interconnection pays today to maintain power reserves, a hooked-in electric car could generate $1,800 a year for its owner.
    "I think it’s tremendously exciting," says Kathryn Clay, director of research for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. "The extra dollars an electric car provides will not be enough by themselves to get consumers to adopt grictenabled vehicles—for that we also need better and less expensive batteries and tax incentives to give the market an encouragement" Nevertheless, "it’s an incentive to push in the right direction."  
Kathryn Clay thinks that money made by providing electricity back to the grip ________.
选项 A、can cover the expenses on the car
B、isn’t attractive enough for consumers
C、isn’t as effective as other incentives
D、may increase remarkably in the future
答案C
解析 原文该句中的not enough表明Kathryn Clay对电动车额外挣的钱抱着不太满意的态度，四个选项中，只有B和C表示不太满意的态度。原文句中提到其他incentives的时候用了also一词，这个词不能表明电动车额外挣的钱和其他incentives之间哪个更重要，据此排除B。A与原文内容相反，如果电动车供电挣的钱能满足车子费用，那么它对消费者就应该是很有吸引力的；而D项的remarkably缺乏依据。
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