首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Are Computers Alive? The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in conne
Are Computers Alive? The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in conne
admin
2019-04-07
76
问题
Are Computers Alive?
The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in connection with robots and computers: some of the old worries about AI—artificial intelligence— were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid(if often unreliable)computation and little or no creative activity were soon called "electronic brains. " A reaction to this terminology quickly followed. To put them in their place, computers were called "high-speed idiots," an effort to protect human vanity. In such a climate, the possibility of computers actually being alive was rarely considered: it was bad enough that computers might be capable of thought. But not everyone realized the implications of the highspeed idiot tag. It has not been pointed out often enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on Earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was already a remarkable state of affairs.
One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. It soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant by such terms as thought and thinking. We tend to assume that human beings think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or unthinking. Dreams cause a problem , partly because they usually happen outside our control. They are obviously some type of mental experience, but are they a type of thinking? And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further problems. Many of us would maintain that some of the higher animals—dogs, cats, apes, and so on—are capable of at least basic thought, but what about fish and insects? It is certainly true that the higher mammals show complex brain activity when tested with the appropriate equipment. If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain, then many animal species are capable of thought. Once we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in bio-logical creatures, it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts(人工制品). And what is true of thought is also true of many other mental processes. One of the immense benefits of AI research is that we are being forced to check carefully the working of the human mind.
It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer: nor can frogs weld(焊接)car bodies as well as robots. The mechanical manipulator is cleverer in some ways than the three-toed sloth(树獭). It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well a-bove plants and most animals. Only the higher animals can, it seems, compete with computers with regard to intellect—and even then with diminishing success.(Examples of this are in the games of chess. Some of the world’s best players are now computers.)
The first electronic computers were______.
选项
A、slow and reliable
B、large and fast
C、creative and accurate
D、unreliable and small
答案
B
解析
文章第一段第二句提到The first massive electronic computers,capable of rapid(if oftenunreliable)computation and little or no creative activity were soon called“electronicbrains.”故选项B正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WCjK777K
本试题收录于:
D类竞赛(专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
D类竞赛(专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptondaigou,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200words,inwhichyoushould:
Inrecentyears,somestudentsneglectthestudyofChinese,thinkingthatit’snotimportant.WriteacompositioninNOLESSTH
A、HehasaGermanmomspeakingEnglish.B、Hegetsalotoflanguagefromhismom.C、Hisaccentwon’tbeaffectedbyhisclassmat
Ourgreatestlackisnotmoneyforanyundertaking________ideas.
Sheisonly________satisfiedtocopythehomeworkofotherswithoutthepainofthoughtforherself.
________humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.
Theirwithdrawalfromtheworldeconomyisvirtuallyimpossible.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.
A.hardlyB.chemistryC.virtuallyD.counterpartsE.testedF.geometryG.comfort
A.removeB.judgeC.intelligenceD.indicateE.concerningF.consistsG.distinguishe
Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth’ssurface.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout
随机试题
人不易作为传染源的疾病是
肺部急性炎症反应主要病理改变是
男,40岁。因反复机会性感染入院,检查发现患者伴发卡波西肉瘤,诊断应首先考虑()
A.行政复议B.行政诉讼C.行政许可D.行政处罚企业对药品监督管理部门作出吊销药品经营许可证的决定不服,可以向人民法院提起
在涵洞两侧填土,应在主结构防水层的保护层完成,且保护层砌筑砂浆强度达到()后方可进行
【背景资料】某施工单位承担一矿井大巷施工任务。大巷设计长度2500m,半圆拱断面,净宽4500mm,净高4000mm,采用锚喷支护。矿井地质报告表明:大巷穿越地层为中等稳定岩层,属Ⅲ~Ⅳ类围岩,但在1200m处有一长度30m的断层破碎带。施工单位
1939年,德国入侵(),英法两国先后对德宣战,第二次世界大战在欧洲爆发。
下列关于菜单项的描述中,错误的是
Hisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried
Whatisthewomanmostlikelytobe?
最新回复
(
0
)