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  3. In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer — government or private — school have little or no impact on t

In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer — government or private — school have little or no impact on t

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问题     In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer — government or private — school have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women’s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs’ results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employers would be 14. 6 percent employers, other things being equal.
    In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed.(Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earning differentials that were the result of racial disparities.)Brown’s research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, motivations, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study’s results. Brown’s results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
    One can infer from Brown’s results that consumer discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
    Brown’s results are clearly consistent with Fuchs’ argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.
It can be inferred from the passage that the statements in the last paragraph are most probably
选项 A、Brown’s elaboration of his research results
B、the author’s conclusions, based on Fuchs’ and Brown’s results
C、Brown’s tentative inference from his data
D、the author’s criticisms of Fuchs’ argument, based on Brown’s results
答案B
解析 细节推理题。原文尾段开头作者就提到，布朗的研究成果与法克的论据是明显一致的。接着说到，私人雇主歧视妇女，但这不等于说，政府雇主不歧视。可是，对比之下，私人雇主的歧视对妇女收入的影响更大。由此可见，原文尾段的内容是作者根据布朗和法克的研究成果而得出的结论。故答案为B。
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