首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making → Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making → Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently
admin
2012-01-14
40
问题
"Group Decision Making"
Advantages of Group Decision Making
→ Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.
→ Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
→ While groups have many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. A One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the timerequired to make a decision.B The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be
considerable
. C Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone.D
Consequently
, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.
A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked. All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.
→ Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns ot behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and
controversial
issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.
→ Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than
the one
proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed "mind guards" who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.
Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.
In paragraph 1, the author states that groups frequently
选项
A、generate more options than individuals
B、agree on the way that the problem should be approached
C、make recommendations instead of decisions
D、are chosen to participate because of their experience
答案
A
解析
"Groups accumulate more information, knowledge and facts... and often consider more alternatives." Choice B is not correct because a group tends to view a problem in more than one way. Choice C is not correct because making recommendations instead of decisions is not mentioned or implied in the passage. Choice D is not correct because each person has experience, but the experience of a group is not mentioned as a reason why a group is chosen to participate.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WNyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions18-23)andthelistofpeoplebelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectperson,A,
ClassifythefollowinginformationasreferringtoAadoptedthewritingsystemfromanothercountryBusedorganicmaterialst
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsendingthingsbyair?【10】
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsendingthingsbyair?Thecustomerisn’tsending______.
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsendingthingsbyair?Whatmightcausedelaysintransportation?
Atthestartofthetutorial,thetutoremphasisestheimportanceofAnexampleofapersonwhodoesn’t’fitin’issomeonewho
WhoisMrsSuttonworriedabout?Question19ChooseTWOlettersA-E.WhichTWOgroupsofpatientsreceivefreemedication?[A]p
learning/studygroups
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
随机试题
PASSAGEONEWhatdoes"thistendency"inPara.1referto?
∫sec25xdx=___________.
骨折的治疗原则主要有
蒙某,女,34岁,某镇农民。1998年3月,蒙某凶盖厨房和邻居张某发生口角,遭到张某的辱骂,后又和张某的老婆发生厮打,脸上、身上均被抓伤。蒙某一怒之下,产生报复杀人的想法。1998年5月2日,蒙某趁张某夫妇外出,只有4岁的小孩在家之际,将小孩骗至家中,趁其
关于物业设施设备生命周期成本的说法,错误的是()
在产品设计开发阶段,企业通常可以采用()的方法来提高设计开发的质量并缩短开发周期。[2006年真题]
艾里克森划分人格发展阶段的标准是()。
左面的立体图形从任一面剖开,以下哪一项不可能是该立体图形的截面?
在我国,类比推理主要适用于()。
西方航空公司由北京至西安的全额票价一年多来保持不变,但是,目前西方航空公司由北京至西安的机票90%打折出售,只有10%全额出售;而在一年前则是一半打折出售,一半全额出售。因此,目前西方航空公司由北京至西安的平均票价比一年前要低。以下哪项最可能是上述论证所假
最新回复
(
0
)