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  3. The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its

The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its

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问题     The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge(facts).
    Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses(假设)and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited(使不相信). The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
    The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
    Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
    Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic(抱歉)about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
The best title for the passage is______.
选项 A、The Nature of Science and Scientists
B、Biology and the Scientific Age
C、Hypotheses and Theories
D、On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction
答案A
解析 本题考查的是对文章主旨的理解。从全文看，在前部分作者讲到科学的含义和科学的目的；接着在文章后部分讲到生物学领域和令人关注的相关领域的专家们为了这些目的正在投入大量的时间和精力。所以说整篇文章主要讲的是科学与科学家的特点。A项符合文章所表述的意思。生物学的内容在文章中第三段讲到，但只是作为说明科学家的特点所举的一个例子。所以B项不对。文中第二段讲到了假设和理论，也只是文章为了说明科学的特点所举的例子。所以C项也不对。文章中讲事实和虚构时是说“即使在纯科学领域，要区分事实与虚构也并不总是那么容易”，这是文章中为说明科学的特点所举的例子。因此D项也对。所以文章的主旨应该是A项的内容，本题的正确答案为A。
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