American Literature I. The beginning of the American literature —Colonists came to the New World to find religious【T1】and【T1】__

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问题                         American Literature
I. The beginning of the American literature
—Colonists came to the New World to find religious【T1】and【T1】______
prosperity.
—No spirit of【T2】, but bringing the literary wealth of English【T2】______
legends, ballads, poems and the richness of the English language.
—The history of American literature is short.
—A mirror reflecting the social life and the【T3】of the【T3】______
development of the American society.
II.【T4】【T4】______
—American Renaissance: the period of 1850 - 1855
—Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson’s masterpiece【T5】.【T5】______
—American【T6】【T6】______
—Realism: a reaction against " the lie" of Romanticism and Sentimentalism.
—American Naturalism: a somber and dark picture: the general
tone is【T7】.【T7】______
—Imagism: a reaction to the traditional English poetic principle in
the 1920s.
III. The characteristics of the American【T8】literature【T8】______
—The【T9】is broad.【T9】______
—The meaning is deeper and more complex.
—Modern writing is technically sophisticated.
—The language is simpler.
—There is more【T10】【T10】______
【T6】
American Literature
    Hello, everybody. Welcome to attend my lecture about the American literature. Today I’d like to introduce to you briefly the American literature.
    American literature began with the first English colonies in Virginia and New England.(1)Colonists came to the New World to find religious freedom and prosperity.(2)They came, however, in no spirit of revolution. They came as Englishmen, bringing with them the literary wealth of English legends, ballads and poems and the richness of the English language.
    There is space here to discuss only the most important and the best. Even a short summary, however, shows something of the splendid accomplishment of American literature since it emerged from its crude colonial beginnings more than 300 years ago.
    The history of American literature is short, roughly about 200 years. Until the War of Independence and the founding of the US, American literature showed its own characteristics as a mirror reflecting the society. American literature was formed and developed at the time of the War of Independence. It showed great importance on the stage of world literature:(3)it is the product of the development of the American society, reflecting the social life of America.
    In addition to the beginning of the American literature,(4)we should understand some of the most important terms in different periods. The middle of the 19th century saw the beginning of a truly independent American literature. Thus this period, especially the years 1850 - 1855 , has been called the American Renaissance.(5)In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America with his little book entitled Nature. That is Transcendentalism which is the summit of American Romanticism.(6)As a literary movement Realism came in the latter half of the 19th century as a reaction against "the lie" of Romanticism and Sentimentalism. It expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. With American Naturalism, writers wrote about the helplessness of man, his insignificance in a cold world, and his lack of dignity in face of the crushing forces of environment and heredity.(7)The whole picture is somber and dark and the general tone is despair. In the 1920s, Imagism appeared as a reaction to the traditional English poetic principle.
    (8)American literature of the 20th century is different from earlier literature in significant ways. It is possible to list several of its characteristics which are implied in the term modern:
    1.(9)The scope of modern literature is broad. Writers are able to treat ugliness and violence freely.
    2. The meaning of modern literature is deeper and more complex than in earlier writing because life has become more complex.
    3. Modern writing is technically sophisticated.
    4. If technique is complicated, the language of modern writing is simpler than that of earlier times.
    5.(10)Modern literature exhibits more variety than that of earlier periods.
    To sum up, in today’s lecture we have mentioned briefly the history of American literature, the characteristics and important terms in different development periods. Next lecture we’ll deal with detailed explanations of each period.

选项

答案Romanticism and Sentimentalism

解析 本题为推断题。此处考查美国文学发展中的另一重要术语。讲座提到As a literary movement Realism came in the latter half of the 19th century as areaction against“the lie”of Romanticism and Sentimentalism.即现实主义文学运动出现于20世纪后半叶,作为对浪漫主义和感伤主义“谎言”的回应。因此现实主义文学出现之前,是浪漫主义文学和感伤主义文学为主流,故填入Romanticism and Sentimentalism。
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