2. 考研
  3. [A] The possibility to increase your gut microbiota [B] Scientist’s opinion towards the food value [C] The indispensable r

[A] The possibility to increase your gut microbiota [B] Scientist’s opinion towards the food value [C] The indispensable r

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问题    [A] The possibility to increase your gut microbiota
   [B] Scientist’s opinion towards the food value
   [C] The indispensable role of intestinal microbiota
   [D] The experiment about people’ s reaction towards improving their eating behavior
   [E] The unchangeable microbiome in your body
   [F] The microbial community’s absolute influence on food
   [G] The reason for being unable to change your microbiome
   If you’re making resolutions for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover. Refashioning the community of bacteria and other microbes living in your intestinal tract, collectively known as the gut microbiome, could be a good long-term investment in your health.
   【R1】______
   Trillions of microbial cells inhabit the human body, outnumbering human cells by 10 to one according to some estimates, and growing evidence suggests that the rich array of intestinal microbiota helps us process nutrients in the foods we eat, bolsters the immune system and does all sorts of odd jobs that promote sound health. A diminished microbial ecosystem, on the other hand, is believed to have consequences that extend far beyond the intestinal tract, affecting everything from allergies and inflammation, metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.
   【R2】______
   Much of the composition of the microbiome is established early in life, shaped by forces like your genetics and whether you were breast-fed or bottle-fed. Microbial diversity may be further undermined by the typical high-calorie American diet, rich in sugar, meats and processed foods. But a new study in mice and people adds to evidence that suggests you can take steps to enrich your gut microbiota. Changing your diet to one containing a variety of plant-based foods, the new research suggests, may be crucial to achieving a healthier microbiome.
   【R3】______
   Altering your microbiome, however, may not be easy, and nobody knows how long it might take. That’s because the ecosystem already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients. So if the microbial community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of cheeseburgers and pepperoni pizza, for example, it won’t respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has more varied microbiota to begin with.
   【R4】______
   "The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the microbial community that encounters mat food," said Dr. Jeffrey Gordon, the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Nutritional components of a healthy diet have to be viewed from "the inside out," he said, "not just the outside in."
   【R5】______
   One of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits. The scientists harvested gut bacteria from humans, transplanted them into mice bred under sterile conditions, and then fed the mice either American-style or plant-based diets. The scientists then analyzed changes in the mice’ s microbial communities.
【R4】
选项
答案B
解析 第五段中引号部分内容(食物的营养价值一定程度上会被其遇到的微生物群落影响；从内而外，而不只是由外而内)都是科学家对食物营养价值的观点，故本题选B。
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