首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new pi
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new pi
admin
2012-07-05
65
问题
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new piece of research, many of these actions—however virtuous—arise from faulty perceptions of energy savings.
Shahzeen Attari of Columbia University and her colleagues recruit 505 volunteers from across America. Each was asked to estimate the energy consumption of nine household devices as well as the energy savings incurred by six green activities. The researchers then compared the volunteers’ estimates with the actual energy requirements or savings in question.
Their results suggest that although people do grasp basic energy trends, they are decidedly hazy on the details. On average, participants underestimated both energy use and energy savings by a factor of 2. 8— mostly because they undervalued the requirements of large machines like heaters and clothes dryers. As a result, they failed to recognize the huge energy savings that can come from improving the efficiency of such appliances.
Miscalculations like these hinder conservation efforts. When asked to rank the single most effective way to save energy, participants typically endorsed activities with small savings, such as turning off lights, while ignoring what they could economize on larger devices. This suggests that people misallocate their efforts, fretting (烦恼) over an unattended lamp (at 100 watts) while neglecting the energy they could save by shifting their washer settings from "hot" to "warm" (4 000 watt-hours for each load of laundry).
A quirk (怪癖) of human psychology could help to explain these persistent underestimates. When calculating such things, people often adopt a familiar unit as a mental scale and then generate predictions based on that unit. As a side-effect, their estimates cluster too closely around the measure—a phenomenon called "anchoring."
This suggests an obvious criticism: by providing the light-bulb figure, the researchers primed their subjects to underestimate energy consumption. But the authors argue that rather than introducing a methodological flaw, they simply acknowledged a shared point of reference. When it comes to an accessible, quantitative measure of energy, consumers are uniquely familiar with the 100W bulb. As a result, Dr. Attari expects bulbs to exert an anchoring effect on the general population as well as on her volunteers, contributing to widespread underestimates of the energy demands of large appliances.
What is the most effective way to save energy according to the author?
选项
A、Realizing the benefit from turning off a bulb.
B、Cutting down the use of larger devices.
C、Calculating energy consumption accurately.
D、Changing the settings of appliances.
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。定位句表明研究中的志愿者们通常会很在意小事情,而忽视在高能耗电器上节约用电。作者认为“这是本末倒置”,由此可知B)“减少大电器的使用”为本题正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Wz57777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplehavenoideaofthehardworkandworryaboutgoingintocollectionofthosefascinatingbirdsandanimalsthatthey
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"MyViewonPCGames".Youshouldwritenolessth
Between2000and2005,thenumberofoverseasstudystudents____________(增长了5%).
Howoldis"old"?Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.Twohundredyearsago,youwereoldat35.Thatwastheaveragelifeex
Therearemany【B1】______aboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassum
Mostofthewaiters,waitresses,andcooksinrestaurantsarenotemployedonafull-time【B1】______.Iftheywerefulltimeemplo
AthleteswithadifferentkindandlevelofdisabilityarecompetingattheParalympicGames.Whereassomesportsare【S1】______t
Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply--allthesewereimportant【C1】______inhelpingEng
A、Savetimebyusingacomputer.B、Buyherowncomputer.C、BorrowMartha’scomputer.D、Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper.B
GrowingupasanAsianinBritainismuchmorethanaquestionoffacingdiscriminationandtryingtofindadecentjob—especi
随机试题
下列关于未成熟DC的说法,正确的是
治疗食积气滞、脘腹胀满疼痛,首选
清式大式木作以()为标准确定各部大木构件尺寸。
(2009年)某节流装置在设计时,介质的密度为500kg/m3,而在实际使用时,介质的密度为460kg/m3。如果设计时,差压变送器输出100kPa时对应的流量为50t/h,则在实际使用时,对应的流量为()t/h。
分部分项工程量清单项目编码分为5级,其中第三级表示的是()顺序码。
根据消费税现行政策的有关规定,下列说法正确的有()。
设xn=,求xn.
TelevisionpitchmenforproductslikePajamaJeansandlightedslippersoncetriedtogetviewerstoplacetheirordersbyphone
Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don’tforgettoputitinmydrawer,______?
Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,e
最新回复
(
0
)