首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
"Looking at Theatre History" → One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systemati
admin
2013-04-25
73
问题
"Looking at Theatre History"
→ One of the
primary
ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art.A Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W. Dörpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre of Dionysus until 1886.B Since that time, more than 167 other Greek theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavated. C Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the
precise
appearance of the
skene
(illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered.D That most of the buildings were remodeled many times has created great problems for those seeking to date both the parts and the successive versions. Despite these drawbacks, archeology provides the most concrete evidence we have about the theatre structures of ancient Greece. But, if they have told us much, archeologists have not completed their work, and many sites have scarcely been touched.
→ Perhaps the most
controversial
use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (Most of those used by theatre scholars are reproduced in Margarete Bieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.) Depicting scenes from mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have. But they are also easy to misinterpret. Some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of theatrical practice. This is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in number.
→ Written evidence about ancient Greek theatre is often treated as less reliable than archeological evidence because most written accounts are separated so far in time from the events they describe and because they provide no information about their own sources. Of the written evidence, the surviving plays are usually treated as the most reliable. But the oldest surviving manuscripts of Greek plays date from around the tenth century, C.E., some 1500 years after they were first performed. Since printing did not exist during this time span, copies of plays had to be made by hand, and therefore the possibility of textual errors creeping in was magnified. Nevertheless, the scripts offer us our readiest access to the cultural and theatrical conditions out of which they came. But these scripts, like other kinds of evidence, are subject to varying interpretations. Certainly performances embodied a male perspective, for example, since the plays were written, selected, staged, and acted by men. Yet the existing plays feature numerous choruses of women and many feature strong female characters. Because these characters often seem victims of their own powerlessness and appear to be governed, especially in the comedies, by sexual desire, some critics have seen these plays as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture for keeping women segregated and cloistered. Other critics, however, have seen in these same plays an attempt by male authors to force their male audiences to examine and call into question this segregation and cloistering of Athenian women.
→ By far the majority of written references to Greek theatre date from several hundred years after the events they report. The writers seldom mention their sources of evidence, and thus we do not know what credence to give
them
. In the absence of material nearer in time to the events, however, historians have used the accounts and have been grateful to have them. Overall, historical treatment of the Greek theatre is something like assembling a jigsaw puzzle from which many pieces are missing: historians arrange what they have and imagine (with the aid of the remaining evidence and logic) what has been lost. As a result, though the broad outlines of Greek theatre history are reasonably clear, many of the details remain open to doubt.
Glossary
skene: a stage building where actors store their masks and change their costumes
In paragraph 3, the author states that female characters in Greek theatre
选项
A、had no featured parts in plays
B、were mostly ignored by critics
C、did not participate in the chorus
D、frequently played the part of victims
答案
D
解析
... these characters [women] often seem victims of their own powerlessness." Choice A is not correct because many plays featured strong female characters. Choice B is not correct because some critics have seen these plays [with women as victims] as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture and other critics have seen them as an attempt to examine this aspect of the culture. Choice C is not correct because plays featured numerous choruses of women.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WzfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Thelecturersaysthatanessayislike______toaspecificquestion.Lookatdivorcestatistics.
Thelecturersaysthatanessayislike______toaspecificquestion.Akeythingforlecturerstoconsiderwhentheymarkan
Completethetablebelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Talkingaboutthehistoryofbikes
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Whatkindofresearchmethoddoestheprofessorrecommend?
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.ProducingaweatherforecastWe
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.ThereasonwhyDouglashasn’treadenoughreferencebooksisthat
ElinorWylie’swritingsconsistofeight(books)fournovelsandfourvolumesof(poem)inwhichshedisplayedaknowledgeof(bot
A、Sheforgottobringherskates.B、She’sstayinghomefromworktoday.C、Shemadeotherplans.D、Shehastoworklatetonight.
GadgetswithaSportingChanceConsumerelectronics:Newsportsequipment,fromtennisracketstorunningshoes,usesproces
Lillymadenoattemptto______theproblem.
随机试题
The______youstudyEnglish,the______progressyouwillmake.
刑罚的法律特征是()。
某房地产开发公司对某一地块有两种开发方案。A方案:一次性开发多层住宅45000m2建筑面积,需投入总成本费用(包括前期开发成本、施工建造成本和销售成本,下同)9000万元,开发时间(包括建造、销售时间,下同)为18个月。B方案:将该地块分成
期货公司的董事会负责审议并决定客户保证金安全存管制度,确保客户保证金存管符合有关客户资产保护和期货保证金安全存管监控的各项要求。( )
位于县城的某石油企业为增值税一般纳税人,2014年3月发生以下业务:(1)进口原油5000吨,支付买价2000万元、运抵我国境内输入地点起卸前的运输费用60万元,保险费无法确定。(2)开采原油9000吨,其中当月销售6000吨,取得不含
焦虑性人格障碍的主要表现是()。
李老师发现以前连家庭作业都不做的小军最近学习特别努力,问其原因是小军见爸爸经常夸奖他学习好的姐姐,也让想爸爸夸奖自己才去努力学习。小军的学习动机是()。
课间休息时,教师张某在教室吸烟,其行为()
若把学问比作建筑材料.那智慧便是建筑师的匠心。只有木、石、水泥钢筋,决不能成为房子,就是懂得材料力学、结构原理.也只可以造成普遍的房子,而决不能造成庄严壮丽的罗马圣彼得教堂或巴黎圣母教堂。这种绝代的美术作品,是要靠艺术家的匠心的。但是材料愈能应手,匠心愈能
据报道,某国科学家在一块60万年前来到地球的火星陨石上发现了有机生物的痕迹,因为该陨石由二氧化碳化合物构成,该化合物产生于甲烷,而甲烷可以是微生物受到高压和高温作用时产生的。由此可以推断火星上曾经有过生物,甚至可能有过像人一样的高级生物。以下条件除了哪项外
最新回复
(
0
)