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  3. Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line

Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line

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问题     Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission(ITC)has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies "dumped" their products in the United States at "less than fair value." Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.
    Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.
    Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its com- petitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’ s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.
    Perhaps the most brazen case oc- curred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the com- plaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The "United States" company claiming in- jury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the "Canadian" companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.
The passage warns of which of the following dangers?
选项 A、Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.
B、Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.
C、Companies that are United States-owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.
D、Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.
E、Companies in the United States that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials.
答案D
解析 作者警告了哪种危险?A．除非自己主动争取，美国公司不会得到限制进口的保护。无。B．“legal costs”原文未提。C．美国海外公司可能会因为其所在国的限制进口措施而受害。情理中有，原文无。D．正确。非美国公司可能会在美国法律保护下寻求限制进口。L28—32。原话，后面的例子也形象地说明了这一危险。E．“import raw materials”文中未提。
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