首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
admin
2009-09-13
59
问题
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages-- second-generation languages-- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as "A" for add or "M" for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as "READ") for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of languages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. P1/1 (programming Language 1), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 1981, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C++ to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PROgramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.
Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a program’s instructions in parallel processing systems.
选项
A、it is used in designing software.
B、it is hardware-independent.
C、is should be translated into the computer language by software.
D、it is designed to solve some specific problem.
答案
A
解析
本题是是非题。文章中提到a third generation of languages... are largely independent of the hardware; ...are designed for solving a particular type of problem; ... must be translated into machine code,但是没有提到设计软件,因此选择A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/X2vO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheAlaskaGovernorhastakenthefollowingstepsinresponsetothePrudhoeBayoilfieldshutdownEXCEPT.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtowhatyouhear?
Cheapproteinsubstitutesfrommilk,eggsandmeat________.
Accordingtopsychologists,acompulsivespenderwantstospendalotofmoneybecause:
Theeconomyurgesthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocountertheinflationandloweringsalaries.
Theeconomyurgesthegovernmenttotakemeasurestocountertheinflationandloweringsalaries.
Whatdidthestudymentionedinthepassagefocuson?
Whatdidthestudymentionedinthepassagefocuson?
A、Manychildrenarenolongerplacedinschoolsaccordingtotheiracademicabilities.B、Manychildrencanaffordtostudyinpr
随机试题
被称为“文章节义之帮”的是()。
“诗言志”出自()
新生儿窒息复苏时最根本的措施是
患者,女性,56岁,肝炎30年,近1个月来肝区疼痛,食欲减退,进行性消瘦,肝是进行性增大,质硬、触诊有结节、面部有蜘蛛痣,腹膨隆。应首先考虑的是
法院对下列哪些调解协议内容应当予以准许?()
涉及结构安全的试件及有关材料,应按规定进行()。
2010年5月4日,申请人张某向人民法院申请财产,2010年5月5日,人民法院对其要求采取了保全措施,则张某在()前不起诉的,人民法院应当解除财产保全。
阅读材料,回答问题:材料1中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会的第一次会议于1954年9月15日在首都北京庄严开幕。这个会议的1226名代表,代表着6万万人民的伟大意志。会议通过了中华人民共和国宪法,并根据宪法选举中华人民共和国主席和全
多媒体音频处理中,人所敏感的声频最高为(51)(Hz),数字音频文件中对音频的采样频率为(52)(Hz)。对一个双声道的立体声,保持1秒钟声音,波形文件所需的字节数为(53),这里假设每个采样点的量化数为8位。MIDI文件是最常用的数字音频文件之一,MID
PsychologyAccordingtotheprofessor,whydodeathritualsincluderolesforfriends?
最新回复
(
0
)