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  3. An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essentia

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问题 An industrial society，especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain’is heavilv dependent on certain essential services：  for instance，  electricity supply，  water，  rail and road transport，and harbors．The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish，hospital and ambulance services，and，as the economy develops，central computer and information services as well．If any of these services ceases to operate，the whole economic system is in danger．
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of  trade unions such an important issue．Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many coun  trieg economic blood supply．This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other coun  tries，in part because the labor force is highly organized．About 5 5 percent of British workers  belong to unions，compared to under a quarter in the United States．
For historical reasons，  Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines，rather than on anindustry—by-industry basis，which makes a wages policy，democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve．
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement。sortie of them a rising from their outdated and inefficient structure．Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes．Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades．Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions，which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions．In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies，unions can fight for their members’disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed．The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs．
  Trade unions have problems of internal communication j ust as managers in companies do，problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union．
Some trade union officials have to be re—elected regularly；others are elected，or even appointed，for life．Trade union officials have to work with a system of”shop stewards”in many unions．”shop stewards”being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level．
Disagreements arise between unions because some of them________．
选项 A、take over other unions"jobs
B、try to win over members of other unions
C、protect their own members at the expense of others
D、intend to represent workers in new trade organizations
答案C
解析 细节理解题。本题问：工会问产生分歧的原因何在?第3段倒数第2句写道：“技术的进步淘汰了许多传统行业，在这些行业中工会能够为它们成员令人失望的工作而苦斗，以致使其他工会成员的工作受到威胁或毁灭。”可见，C项符合此意。D项“打算在新的贸易组织中代表工人”是强干扰项，属概念偷换，因为文中指的是新的技术行业中，而不是指新的贸易组织中。
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