2. 外语
  3. Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging

Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging

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问题     Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.
    All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be a high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds,at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands,at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man’s brain,compared with that of the capacity,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
    But speech has to be induced and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling,grasping and smiling,and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dull the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
What is the purpose of the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century?
选项 A、To prove that a baby couldn’t live without his mother.
B、To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech.
C、To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak.
D、To prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language.
答案B
解析 题目问：弗里德里克二世在13世纪所做的实验的目的是什么?第一段“Hoping to discover whatlanguage a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent．”通过这句话可知，弗雷德里克Ⅱ想要了解如果婴儿听不到母语，那他会说一种什么样的语言。本着这个目的，他要求护士们保持沉默。所以，答案是B。
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