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Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centre

admin2014-04-20  54
问题     Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion—if only they had access to this information.
    And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System(VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy.
    Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are "handed off" from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier.
    Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washington, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily.
    A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle’s traffic forecasts for the coming week.  
JamBayes is different from the previously mentioned technologies as it______.
选项 A、helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane
B、send information to cars in the system
C、is based on a technique modeling to combine various data
D、helps the drivers to avoid congestion
答案C
解析 细节题。由题干中的JamBayes定位至第四段第二句。该句提到了一个名为JamBayes的交通预测系统。接着对其工作方式及原理进行了说明：用户填写自己喜欢的路线，然后以电邮或短信的方式收到警告，提醒他们将要遇到的拥堵状况。该系统使用一种名为Bayesian的技术，将实时交通数据与历史数据，天气信息及其他日程信息结合起来。[C]是对该系统工作原理的总结，故为答案。该段第三句只提到了用户喜欢的路线，没有提到最快的路线，第二段末句提到the fastest lane，但这是VICS的功能，排除[A]。从首段末句可知，让司机了解路况信息是路况监测系统的基本功能，在这点上作者没有指明JamBayes与其他系统有何不同，排除[B]。该段第三句提到warning them of impending traffic jam，没有说帮助司机避免拥堵，排除[D]。
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