首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that s
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that s
admin
2018-08-25
53
问题
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. "Our society is caught in a whopping paradox," asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.
Behaviorism basically believes in _____.
选项
A、motivation
B、performance
C、rewards
D、human factors
答案
C
解析
第2段大致对行为主义进行相关的描述,最后一句说也许这一理论已失去影响力,但是奖励在美国文化中依然占有重要地位,据此可以推断行为主义相信奖励(rewards),故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XFH7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、HewantsothercountriestounderstandtheU.S.B、Hecallsonsomebigcompaniestocareaboutclimate.C、Hecallsonpeoplei
A、Treescanprotectcropsfromwind.B、Cropsgrowingontreeshelpfeedpeople.C、Cropsandtreescannotgrowinonefield.D、Tr
A、Ithasdecreased.B、Ithasbeenexaggerated.C、Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.D、Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.A短文开头提到,
Thereismuchdiscussiontodayaboutwhethereconomicgrowthisdesirable.Atanearlierperiod,ourdesireformaterialwealth
Smokersinthe"landofthefree"arefindingthemselvesincreasinglylessfreetopursuetheirhabit.NewYorkCityofficialsa
OfthemanyfactorsthatcontributetopoorperformanceonstandardizedtestsliketheSAT,nervesand【C1】______,surprisingly,
OfthemanyfactorsthatcontributetopoorperformanceonstandardizedtestsliketheSAT,nervesand【C1】______,surprisingly,
OfthemanyfactorsthatcontributetopoorperformanceonstandardizedtestsliketheSAT,nervesand【C1】______,surprisingly,
WhattheHeckDoesVincentvanGoghHaveToDoWithInternetMarketing?[A]Nothingandeverything!Tuckeddiscreetlyawayon
Theworld-famousBelgianhasarrivedinBritainwithhisequallyfamousdogforafive-monthstay—nearly70yearsafterhisfirs
随机试题
下列关于线粒体氧化磷酸化解偶联的叙述,正确的是
识别转录起点的是
可用于治疗气虚型产后小便不通的方剂有
乳汁中含量稳定,不受膳食摄入量影响的营养素是
急性肾炎严重病例多发生在起病后
某市至旱季水源不足,自来水公司计划在下周七天内选择两天停止供水,若要求停水的两天不相连,则自来水公司共有()种停水方案。
在现实中的卢浮官,你需要在蒙娜丽莎的外围等上数十分钟,才能凑近那发黄的小画看上片刻。虚拟博物馆此时就可以发挥效用:攒动的人潮没有了,距离没有了,推到眼前的只有高度还原的展厅景观和70亿像素无限细腻的细节和质感。而且博物馆虽然有丰富的馆藏和长期列展,但因为空
简述字节多路通道、数组选择通道和数组多路通道。
Whatdoesthewomansaytotheman?
Questions27-30Foreachquestion,onlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxon
最新回复
(
0
)