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  3. Even just a degree or two of greenhouse warming will have a dramatic impact on water resources across western North America. Tea

Even just a degree or two of greenhouse warming will have a dramatic impact on water resources across western North America. Tea

admin2016-11-21  52
问题     Even just a degree or two of greenhouse warming will have a dramatic impact on water resources across western North America. Teams who have modeled the climate in the area are warning of greatly reduced snow packs and more intense flooding as temperatures inch up during the 21st century.
    It’s the first time that global climate modelers have worked so closely with teams running detailed regional models of snowfall, rain and stream flows to predict exactly what warming will do to the area. The researchers, from the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and elsewhere, were surprised by the size of the effect generated by only a small rise in temperature.
    Assuming business as usual emissions, greenhouse gases will warm the west coast of North America by just one or two degrees Celsius over the next century, and average precipitation won’t change much. But in the model, warmer winters raised the snowline, drastically reducing the crucial mountain snow pack, the researchers told the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. "We realized that huge areas of the snow pack in the Sierra went down to 15 percent of today’s values," says Michael Dettinger, a research hydrologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. That caught everyone’s attention.
    The researchers also predict that by the middle of the century, melting snow will cause streams to reach their annual peak flow up to a month earlier. And with warm rains melting snow or drenching already saturated ground, the risk of extreme floods will rise dramatically. We have to believe in these very warm, very wet storms, says Andrew Wood, a water resources modeler at the University of Washington, Seattle.
    "Since dams can’t be filled until the risk of flooding is past, the models predict they will trap just 70 to 85 percent as much run-off as they do now. This is a particular problem for California, where agriculture, industry, a burgeoning population and environmental needs already clash over limited water supplies. We are taking this extremely seriously," says Jonas Minton, deputy director of the California Department of Water Resources.
    And observations certainly back up the models. Minton points out that an increasing percentage of California’s precipitation over recent decades is falling as rain rather than snow. And Iris Stewart, a climate researcher at the University of California, San Diego, has found that in the last 50 years, run-off peaks in the western US and Canada have been happening earlier and earlier. The cause seems to be a region-wide trend towards warmer winters and springs.
    Dettinger has little doubt that the models point to a real and immediate problem. "It’s upon us," he says, "and it’s not clear what the fix is."
Researchers predict all of the following EXCEPT that______.
选项 A、a small rise in temperature will procure disaster
B、greenhouse gases will warm the west coast of North America by one or two degrees
C、melting snow will give rise to streams and make them reach their annual peak earlier
D、dams will trap just 70 to 85 percent as much run-off as they do now
答案A
解析 事实细节题。B在第三段第一句提到。C在第四段第一句。D可在第五段第一句找到。A与第二段最后一句意思稍有差异。本句意思为，来自科罗拉多州博尔德市国家大气研究中心等组织的研究者们，对于只要温度小幅度升高就能造成的影响感到惊讶，并没有说温度升高一定导致灾难。
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