首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives th
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives th
admin
2010-11-02
95
问题
The desire for achievements is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.
Given this diversity of thought, it’s easy to forget that for a half century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement" have long since lost their way in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of trash out. Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interest in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you will make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them.
Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging and diminishing performance, "our society is caught in a whopping paradox,’’ asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book published by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. "We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we use to solve those problems--damaging rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people--is partly responsible for the fix we’re in."
It’s a tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is in- volved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.
Skinnerian psychology advocates______.
选项
A、performance
B、stimulus and response
C、human factors
D、effectiveness
答案
B
解析
根据题干关键词Skinnerian psychology定位到原文第二段。既然斯金纳理论是一种奖励和激励理论,它提倡的肯定是通过某种刺激来引导出某种特定的反应,所以B项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XJs7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
UnitedStatesgovernment,andtheAmericanpeople.Itshistory,andthehistoryofthenation’scapital,beganwhenPresidentGe
Wearerapidlyneartheendofthiscourseinthehistoryof【B1】______music.Wehavecoveredseveralcenturiesinaveryshort
A、GrowthofviolenceonTV.B、Destructivethreatfromnuclearexplosives.C、Decreasingofmoralstandards.D、Alloftheabove.C
OnemajordecisionwhichfacestheAmericanstudentreadytobeginhighereducationisthechoiceofattendingalargeuniversit
Publicopinionisstilllargelyunawareoforindifferenttotheneedtopreserverarespecies,whetherforculturalorforscie
A、Theyshouldnotbetoostrictwiththechildren.B、Theyshouldlimittheirdemandsonsomechildren.C、Theyshoulddemandmore
WhyMenandWomenCan’tCommunicate—byDeborahTannen
Nearlyallsurgicalstuntsstickthemselveswithneedlesand【C1】______instrumentswhileintraining.But【C2】______failtorepo
I’mverygladtoknowthat________________(作为一些服务的回报,我的老板慷慨地同意将我欠的债一笔勾销).
随机试题
下列选项中,不是治疗者与教师沟通的主要内容的是()
心脏摄影的呼吸与屏气方式是
呼吸衰竭患者二氧化碳潴留的皮肤黏膜征象包括
患者女,52岁。有胆管结石病史,近2天来右上腹痛,体温37.8℃,2小时前突然畏寒,寒战,体温高达40℃,精神烦躁,口渴面色苍白,脉搏98次/分,血压110/82mmHg,尿量正常。患者处于何种情况
刑事诉讼中证据不需要证明的对象是()
岩石根据形成条件的不同,分为岩浆岩、沉积岩和()。
审计人员对销售与收款循环进行实质性测试的内容有()。
实物交割时,收货人有权选择替代品的质量等级。()
任何商业银行营业网点都可以经营保险代理业务。()
起征点是指征税对象达到一定数额才开始征税的界限,征税对象的数额达到规定数额的,只对其超过起征点部分的数额征税。()
最新回复
(
0
)