首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
A There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact th
A There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact th
admin
2014-04-25
29
问题
A There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools. In Britain, the fact that 30 per cent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything which impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has focused on socio-economic factors, or the effectiveness of ’traditional’ versus ’modern’ teaching techniques.
B The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying ’They can’t see the wood for the trees’. When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become impoverished - sometimes to the point of extinction.
C Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading. On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text.
D A teacher’s main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognise words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called ’ barking at text’. The teacher’s task of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset by experiencing ’rich’ language at school.
E Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvellous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practise making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of imagination trained.
F As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as our culture becomes more visual. It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences, and when there is competition for their attention from so many other sources of entertainment. The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but tests show that even intelligent children are being affected. The response of educators has been to extend the use of pictures in books and to simplify the language, even at senior levels. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge recently held joint conferences to discuss the noticeably rapid decline in literacy among their undergraduates.
G Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching. But motivation to read should be provided by listening to stories well read, where children imagine in response to the story. Then, as they start to read, they have this experience to help them understand the language. If we present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills, then I think we are making a great mistake.
H Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, language learning, psycholinguistics, and so on cite experiments which demonstrate how detrimental pictures are for beginner readers. Here is a brief selection:
I The research results of the Canadian educationalist Dale Willows were clear and consistent: pictures affected speed and accuracy and the closer the pictures were to the words, the slower and more inaccurate the child’s reading became. She claims that when children come to a word they already know, then the pictures are unnecessary and distracting. If they do not know a word and look to the picture for a clue to its meaning, they may well be misled by aspects of the pictures which are not closely related to the meaning of the word they are trying to understand.
J Jay Samuels, an American psychologist, found that poor readers given no pictures learnt significantly more words than those learning to read with books with pictures. He examined the work of other researchers who had reported problems with the use of pictures and who found that a word without a picture was superior to a word plus a picture. When children were given words and pictures, those who seemed to ignore the pictures and pointed at the words learnt more words than the children who pointed at the pictures, but they still learnt fewer words than the children who had no illustrated stimuli at all.
The youngest readers will quickly develop good reading skills if they______
选项
A、learn to associate the words in a text with pictures.
B、are exposed to modern teaching techniques.
C、are encouraged to ignore pictures in the text.
D、learn the art of telling stories.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XLNO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Fortherectangularsolidbelow,findthefollowing.(a)Surfaceareaofthesolid(b)LengthofdiagonalAB
ThecirclewithcenterObelowhasradius4.Findthefollowing.(a)Circumferenceofthecircle(b)LengthofarcABC(c)Areaof
Eighthoursofworktimepaidforapproximatelyhowmanymoredozeneggsin1997thanitdidin1919?
A、mostNorthAmericanswouldbeunlikelytoshifttheirdietssimplyinordertoaccommodatetheexigenciesofwaterconservatio
ReadingtheepicknowntousastheIliadisvastlydifferentfromthe______experienceofhearingandseeingitperformed,fori
Scientistsresearchinghypnosishaveuncoveredevidencethatcounterssomeoftheskepticismaboutthetechnique.Oneske
Leavingasidethequestionofhowblackholesgeneratetheenergyingamma-raybursts-cosmicexplosionscalledGRBs-their
(Thispassagewaswrittenpriorto1950)Wenowknowthatwhatconstitutespracticallyallofmatterisemptyspa
Thenewcompositematerialexhibitsanextraordinarydegreeof______,whichenablesittobemoldedintoalmostanyshape.
Ms.Nunezwas______,remainingassuredandself-controlledeveninthemostvolatileofsituations.
随机试题
仓库火灾事故发生后,公司总经理李先生立即决定将储物室作为临时仓库使用。李先生的这种决策更加倾向于()
姜黄入药部位为
异烟肼对生长旺盛的活动期结核杆菌有强大的杀灭作用,是治疗活动性肺结核的首选药物。()
英国两艘来中国运送货物的货轮在大连港相撞,双方就损害赔偿数额未达成一致,于是向我国大连海事法院提起诉讼,则我国法院在审理该争议时()
甲公司发生的下列非关联方交换中,属于非货币性资产交换的有()。
根据我国《民法总则》的规定,()以上,可以独立实施民事法律行为,为完全民事行为能力人。
CRM能降低销售成本,原因是减少了销售人员。
教育理念
冷战
About10yearsagoImetanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkwhoexplainedthedifficultyofadvertisinganewbrandofdeodora
最新回复
(
0
)