首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person i
admin
2013-06-12
50
问题
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature/nurture".
Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is al- most completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
Behaviorists believe that______.
选项
A、humans should behave mechanically
B、human behavior patterns are based on biological and genetic factors
C、human behavior is determined mainly by their surroundings
D、factors in the environment have little influence on people’s personalities.
答案
C
解析
文章第四段第—句说“Proponents of the ’nurture’ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.”由此可见[C]正确,而[B]和[D]则为nurture学派的观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XM4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whathandshakemean?Inone’sowncountry,1.Insomecultures,people—shakehands—bowstoeachother—【1】
Whathandshakemean?Inone’sowncountry,1.Insomecultures,people—shakehands—bowstoeachother—【1】
ThefollowingpeoplemetMexicanPresidentEXCEPT
WheredoesthefinancialsupportofElectroOpticSystems’lasertrackingtechnologycomefrom?
WheredoesthefinancialsupportofElectroOpticSystems’lasertrackingtechnologycomefrom?
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisorfindthegiftedfewandt
TheGameoftheNameHerecomesJohnSmithwalkingtowardme.Eventhoughheisbutapassingacquaintance,theAmericangre
Accordingtothenewsitem,thisyearIraqwouldbantheimmunitytowards
ThepresentdayAfrican-Americanpopulation,likemanyotherethic(1)______groups,isseveralgenerationsremovedfromtheiro
随机试题
唐宋时期造园活动的特点有()。
患者,男,56岁。有稳定型心绞痛疾病,近期出现心绞痛发作较之前频繁、痛感更强,口服硝酸甘油疼痛10余分钟后缓解,1小时前患者再次出现心绞痛,痛感强烈,口服硝酸甘油后疼痛缓解不明显。该患者最可能的诊断是
计算机硬件五大基本构件包括:运算器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备和()。
某企业2005年12月份发生如下经济业务(均不考虑相关税费)。要求:根据经济业务编制会计分录。12月31日,用现金支付工人工资10000元。
证券交易所对于不履行义务的会员责令其改正,如果情节严重,则给予警告和罚款的处分。()
根据《国务院关于完善企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》(国发[2005]38号),退休时的基本养老金月标准以当地上年度在岗职工月平均工资和本人指数化月平均缴费工资的平均值为基数,缴费每满1年发给()。
农民种庄稼属于处理人与人关系的实践形式。()
阅读下列说明和图,回答问题1至问题4,将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。【说明】某房产中介连锁企业欲开发一个基于Web的房屋中介信息系统,以有效管理房源和客户,提高成交率。该系统的主要功能是:(1)房源采集与管理。系统自动采集外部网站的
布景师()剪辑师脚本作者()电影明星
JustlikeChinese,Westernersgivegiftsonmanyoccasions,suchas,onbirthdaysoffamilymembers,atweddings,atChristmasa
最新回复
(
0
)