2. 外语
  3. Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in a marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way she had to wash, sti

Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in a marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way she had to wash, sti

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问题     Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in a marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually see of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, yearlong cohabitation. Couples need to take up separate interests(and friendship)as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’s personalities. Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests—being amusing, discussing with passion and point—and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone. Once a man confessed, "The great question I have not been able to answer is ’What does a woman want?’" Many husbands wonder the same thing today.
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答案 从传统上看，女性在婚姻关系中地位较低。当丈夫自由自在时，她得洗洗涮涮，缝缝补补。今天要做的就是将妇女解放出来，这最终或许能加固婚姻的纽带。夫妻之间彼此见面的次数过多也许是对婚姻中的友谊构成的最大障碍。从其通常意义上说，友谊并不需要经过常年的、日复一日的共同生活考验。夫妻之间如果不去习惯彼此个性里更有吸引力之处，他们既要有共同的兴趣，也要有不同的志趣(和友谊)。已婚夫妇在客人面前可能会摆样子作秀，尽量显得趣味横生，讨论问题时有激情、有思想，而一旦客人们离去，他们马上就会陷入厌烦和精疲力竭的沉默之中。一位男士曾坦白地说：“‘女士想要什么?’这是一个我无法回答的大问题。”今天，许多丈夫仍为这同一问题茫然不已。
解析    (1)Traditionally，the woman has held a low position in a marriage partnerships．While herhusband went his way she had to wash，stitch and sew．此句中的副词Traditionally放在句首，修饰整个句子，可译为“传统上，在传统观点上，从传统看”等，即单个副词译为汉语的短语结构，又如：
    Scientifically，this is infeasible．从科学上看，这是不可行的。Statistically，there is an in—crease in the population．从数字上看，人口有所增长。
    介词短语in a marriage partnerships修饰position。
    partnerships一词指“合伙；合股；合伙企业；合伙契约；[体]队友关系；(双人项目的)配对”，文中表示“关系”。
   (2)Today the move is to liberate the woman，which may in the end strengthen the marriageunion．此句为非限制性定语从句，句中move作名词，在文中表示“采取的行动；步骤”，又如：
    What’s our next move?
    我们下一步怎么做?
    marriage union即婚姻和谐；union原意是“变成一个”，后来引申为“联合，团结；联邦”等；此处意为“和谐；一致”，又如：
    joined in perfect union美满的婚姻
    They lived in unspoiled union．
    他们和睦相处。
   (3)Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually seeof each other．此句中obstacle to friendship中的to为介词，可译为“友谊的障碍”。
    句中的amount不能硬译，只能根据上下文采取意译法处理。
    本句可译为：“夫妻之间彼此见面的次数过多也许是对婚姻中的友谊构成的最大障碍。”
   (4)Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily，yearlong cohabitation．本句为被动结构，可处理为汉语的“经过……考验”；句中短语in its usual sense意为“在……的通常意义上”。
    本句可译为：“从其通常意义上说，友谊并不需要经过常年的、日复一日的共同生活考验。"
   (5)Couples need to take up separate interests(and friendship)as well as mutually sharedones，if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’s personalities．
    本句可以采取逆译法，将if引导的状语从句提前译出。
   (6)Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests--being amusing，discussingwith passion and point and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone．此句中exert themselves for在文中的意思为“为……而表演，作秀；假装”等。
    being amusing，discussing with passion and point为方式状语，修饰exert。
    fall into dull exhausted silence意为“陷入厌烦和精疲力竭的沉默之中”。
    本句可译为：“已婚夫妇在客人面前可能会摆样子作秀，尽量显得趣味横生，讨论问题时有激情、有思想，而一旦客人们离去，他们马上就会陷入厌烦和精疲力竭的沉默之中。”
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