首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
admin
2013-04-25
54
问题
Philosophy of Logical Analysis
Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there is to be anything that can be called "perception", it must be in some degree an effect of the object perceived, and it must more or less resemble the object if it is to be a source of knowledge of the object. The first requisite can only be fulfilled if there are causal chains which are, to a greater or lesser extent, independent of the rest of the world. According to physics, this is the case.
Modern analytical empiricism differs from that of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique. It is thus able, in regard to certain problems, to achieve definite answers, which have the quality of science rather than philosophy.
It has the advantage; as compared with philosophies of system-builders, of being able to tackle its problems one at a time, instead of having to invent at one stroke a block theory of the whole universe.
Its methods, in this respect, resemble those of science.
There remains, however, a vast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific methods are inadequate. This field includes ultimate questions of value; science alone, for example, cannot prove that it is bad to enjoy the infliction cruelty. Whatever can be known, can be known by means of science; but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.
Philosophy, throughout its history, has consisted of two parts inharmoniously blended: on the one hand, a theory as to the nature of the world, on the other hand, an ethical or political doctrine as to the best way of living.
(A)The failure to separate these two with sufficient clarity has been a source of much confused thinking.
(B)Philosophers, from Plato to William James, have allowed their opinions as to the constitution of the universe to be influenced by the desire for
edification
: knowing, as they supposed, what beliefs would make men virtuous, they have invented arguments, often very sophisticated, to prove that these beliefs are true.
(C)Morally, a philosopher who uses his professional competence for anything except a disinterested search for truth is guilty of a kind of treachery. And when he assumes, in advance of inquiry, that certain beliefs, whether true or false, are such as to promote good behavior, he is so limiting the scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial; the true philosopher is prepared to examine all preconceptions.
(D)When any limits are placed, consciously or unconsciously, upon the pursuit of truth, philosophy becomes
paralyzed
by fear, and the ground is prepared for a government censorship punishing those who utter "dangerous thoughts" -in fact, the philosopher has already placed such a censorship over his own investigations.
Intellectually, the effect of mistaken moral considerations upon philosophy has been to impede progress to an extraordinary extent. I do not myself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas, but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce "proofs" of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors—Saint Thomas rejected Saint Anselm’s proofs, and Kant rejected Descartes’—but they have supplied new ones of their own. In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep-seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions.
All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy. They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some "higher" way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect. For this renunciation, they have been rewarded by the discovery that many questions, formerly obscured by the fog of metaphysics, can be answered with precision, and by objective methods which .introduce nothing of the philosophers’ temperament except the desire to understand. Take such questions as. What is a number? What are space and time? What is mind, and what is matter? I do not say that we can here and now give definite answers to all these ancient questions, but I do say that a method has been discovered by which, as in science, we can make successive approximations to the truth.
All of the following issues lie inside the province of science EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、value
B、knowledge
C、feeling
D、infliction
答案
C
解析
本题为正误判断题,考查考生根据文章中阐明的信息,判断什么信息是正确的,什么信息是错误的,什么信息是文章中没有提到的。题目问:下列哪一项不是包含在科学领域范畴中的?由文章第三段的关键句“but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province”得知,感受方面的命题是在科学领域之外的,因此选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XMyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingpassage?Inboxesonyouranswersheet,writeTRUE
TheStudyofChimpanzeeCultureA.Afterstudyingthesimilaritiesbetweenchimpanzeesandhumansforyears,researchershav
TheStudyofChimpanzeeCultureA.Afterstudyingthesimilaritiesbetweenchimpanzeesandhumansforyears,researchershav
AccordingtoMrSingh,onwhichthingdomanypeoplemakesuperficialobservations?AccordingtoMrSingh,whatareyoungIndia
AccordingtoMrSingh,onwhichthingdomanypeoplemakesuperficialobservations?AccordingtoMrSingh,howquicklydocultu
Thestoryillustratesthatdogsare______animals.Thepeopleofthetownbuilta______ofadog.
Whichmemberormembersofthespeaker’sfamilyhavehealthproblems?Howdoesthespeakerdescribethepeopleattheresort?
Whereisthestudentfrom?Whydoesthisproblemexist?
Whereisthestudentfrom?Whatistheproblemmanystudentswithlibrary?
TheproblemthatConstableGraydescribesis
随机试题
A、growB、fellowC、slowD、allowDA.grow[gru];B.fellow[’felu];C.slow[slu];D.allow[’lau]。本题考查字母组合ow在不同单词中的读音。ow在单音节词、复合词中或后跟元音字母时,常
急性胰腺炎治疗时,下列属于抑制胰酶活性的药物是
慢性支气管炎患者早期肺功能改变为
甲公司拟在沿海地区选址建厂,主要生产客运汽车。乙咨询单位接受甲公司的委托,开展项目厂址比选。经过收集有关资料,乙咨询单位认为项目选址应从建设条件和建设费用等方面综合考虑,并确定了两个厂址选择方案,现给出了4个评价厂址方案的指标:交通运输、基础设施、投资费用
2020年6月1日,甲民间非营利组织接受了乙公司捐赠的100万元。2020年12月21日,因甲民间非营利组织无法满足该项捐赠所附条件而必须将上述款项退还给乙公司。不考虑其他因素,甲民间非营利组织应将上述需要偿还的款项确认为()。
下列论述错误的是()。
从四个图中选出唯一的一项,填入问号处,使其呈现一定的规律性。
下列关于1929~1933年经济危机的描述,错误的有()。
攻击者使用无效的IP地址,利用TCP连接的三次握手过程,使得受害主机处于开放会话的请求之中,直至连接超时。在此期间,受害主机将会连续接受这种会话请求,最终因耗尽资源而停止响应。这种攻击被称为
Asapopularsayinggoes:"【C1】______"Goodhealthenablesoneto【C2】______andachievewhathe【C3】______.Withgoodhealthweca
最新回复
(
0
)