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  3. Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from genera

Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from genera

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问题     Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from generation to generation in the oral tradition. William Caxton, who established England’s first printing press, published books of etiquette, fables and legends. However, these didn’t constitute a body of work that could be considered literature for children. Because children at that time were considered "miniature adults", books were didactic in nature. The content for young readers consisted mainly of religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes. In 1774, Englishman John Newberry changed children’s publishing when he began to create books with attractive formats, quality illustrations, and sturdy buildings, that were designed primarily for children to enjoy. The oldest, and most prestigious award given for children’s books published in America, is the Newberry Medal.
    In the following century, children’s literature began to bloom. Hans Christian Andersen’s wonderful stories like "The Ugly Duckling", and "The Little Mermaid", and Grimm brothers collected two volumes of German folktales that included stories such as "Snow White" and "Rumpelstiltskin". Childhood came to be recognized as a joyful and carefree period of life, and books celebrating it began to be published. Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carrol) wrote the fantasy Alice in Wonderland, the first book that was intended purely for children’s enjoyment without any pretense of instruction.
    Edwards Lear’s books of nonsense poetry delighted both young and old readers. In North America, books for a young audience were becoming popular as well. Kate Douglas Wiggin wrote Rebecca of Sunny brook Farm, Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women, and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) created Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. By the end of the century, the pious and moralistic books of earlier times had been replaced by writing designed to amuse and entertain a young audience.
    In the 1800s color printing was introduced, and by the middle of the 19th century, the rough illustrations that characterized earlier children’s books had been replaced by works of art that captured the word and some of the story.
The word "characterized" underlined in Paragraph 4 means________
选项 A、rejected
B、described
C、devalued
D、amused
答案B
解析 句意：19世纪出现了彩色印刷，到19世纪中期，描绘早期儿童图书的粗糙的插画被捕捉语言和故事情节的艺术作品所取代。在此characterized意为“描绘”，所以答案为B。
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