首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two. related research desi
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two. related research desi
admin
2011-04-21
62
问题
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two. related research designs; longitudinal and cross-sectional.
A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.
The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily
contingent
on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.
A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.
The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.
The word "contingent" in the third paragraph probably means______.
选项
A、dependent
B、consecutive
C、determined
D、continual
答案
A
解析
词汇题。包含这个词的句子的意思是,纵向研究费用高、耗时,而且(是否能坚持下来)取决于研究者的耐心和毅力。contingent on意为“视……而定,取决于”,所以正确答案是A选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/XZBO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
•Lookatthechartsbelow.TheyshowthesalesofcarsindifferentshopsduringMay,JuneandJuly.•Whichchartdoeseachse
•ReadthearticlebelowaboutadvertisingStrategy.•Aresentences16-22ontheoppositepage’Right’or’Wrong’?Iftherei
Readtheinformationaboutthecommunicationofinformationinbusiness.ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorC
SPORTMASTERPakistan-basedmanufacturerofsportsitemswishingtodobusinessinEuropeislooking
Lookatthegraphsbelow.Theyshowunemploymentineightdifferentregionscomparedtothenationalaverage.Whichregiondoes
Readthearticlebelowaboutreceivingandsendingemail.Foreachquestion(23-28)ontheoppositepage,choosethecorrectanswe
BUSINESSCOURSESAHospitalityandTourismManagementBMarketingResearchCProductDesignandDevelopmentDMarketingandElec
Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswiththeoriginalintranslation.Soitwasnecessarythathemakethe______su
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsome
实行改革开放以来改变了过去封闭半封闭状态,提高了我国经济水平。
随机试题
病毒感染常见炎症细胞是()。
下列各句所采用的修辞手法依次是(1)不违农时,谷不可胜食也;数罟不入湾池,鱼鳖不可胜食也;斧斤以时入山林,材木不可胜用也。(2)屋椽子像瘦人的肋骨似的暴露在“光天化日”之下。(3)映阶碧草自春色,隔叶黄鹂空好音。(4)昨宵今
肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血休克时,首选治疗为
在传染病的预防工作中,国家实行的制度是
A.右上角B.边角位置C.上1/3处D.右1/3处非处方药专有标识的固定位置在印有中文药品通用名称一面的()
肠套叠最易发生的套叠方式是
甲企业经营不善,连年亏损,其上级主管乙工业局决定撤销,遂成立丙清算小组。清算中,发现丁公司尚欠甲企业货款若干拒不偿还。如向法院起诉,应以()为原告。
对先张法预应力钢筋混凝土构件进行湿热养护,采取合理养护制度的主要目的是()。【2011年真题】
独立董事的职责可以分为不同的角色,即()。
留守儿童问题凸显,存在很多心理问题,如果你是妇联部门的一名工作人员,请针对上述情况策划活动,举出三个主题。请你以其中的一个主题为例,叙述实施中应注意的重点。
最新回复
(
0
)