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  3. While the news seems to highlight the mounting external and internal pressures that are driving language endangerment, not all

While the news seems to highlight the mounting external and internal pressures that are driving language endangerment, not all

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问题     While the news seems to highlight the mounting
external and internal pressures that are driving language
endangerment, not all languages are endanger. Many languages have  【S1】______
well-establishing oral and literary traditions and are being used for a  【S2】______
wide variety of functions in society. Many other communities, which
have not achieved that status for their languages, are therefore taking  【S3】______
steps to preserve the vitality of their languages by finding new ways of
using them. Ethnologue records and reports data about these aspects of
language use under the rubric of language development.
    The term language development can be used in both an individual
and a societal sense. It is commonly used among psychologists and
educators with inference to the phenomenon of child language  【S4】______
acquisition. Charles Ferguson who defined language development at the  【S5】______
societal level as primarily dealing with three areas of concern;
graphization, standardization and modernization. These development
activities are now generally known as language planning activities,
subsumed special within what is called "corpus planning". More  【S6】______
broadly, Ethnologue defines language development as follows:
Language development is the result of the series of on-going planned
actions that language communities take to assure that they can effectively  【S7】______
use their languages to achieve their social, cultural, political,
economic, and spiritual goals.
    As Ferguson proposed, those planned actions most often consist in  【S8】______
the development of writing systems, and the elaboration of terminology
designed to expand the functions of language in society. Language  【S9】______
development activities may also go well within corpus planning and  【S10】______
cover a broader range of activities including advocacy.
【S9】
选项
答案of∧一a
解析 冠词缺失。该句意为“正如弗格森所提出的那样，这些预先规划好的行为通常包括对书写系统的开发和对术语的阐述，而这套术语用来扩大语言在社会中的使用。”此句中的language为单数可数名词并且有泛指含义，所以前面应该加上不定冠词a。
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