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  3. A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread farther westward

A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread farther westward

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问题     A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for
    the United States as settlement spread farther westward. For a long time
    the railroad companies met with troubled mechanical problems. The most     【M1】______
    serious were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the
    development of the safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved,【M2】______
    and the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. 【M3】______
    By 1860 they had built thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern
    mountain ranges and reaching westward in the Mississippi.
    The high point in railroad building came by the construction of the        【M4】______
    first transcontinental railroad. In 1862 Congress had authorized two       【M5】______
    railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from
    California eastward to a meeting point so as to complete a transcontinental
    system. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used
    Chinese labor, the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers.         【M6】______
    The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each tried to cover a           【M7】______
    greater distance than the other. In 1869, they met at a place called
    Promontory. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There
    were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the
    ringing of church bells honor the great achievement.                       【M8】______
    The railroad was very important in discouraging westward movement.         【M9】______
    It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials
    and by distributing products rapid to distant markets.                     【M10】______
【M9】
选项
答案discouraging→encouraging
解析 篇章错误。根据上文及下文的also helped，消极意义的discourage“使气馁”应改为积极意义的encourage“促进，鼓励”，表示“在促进西进运动方面，铁路发挥了非常重要的作用”。
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